Release date: 2018-06-15
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According to a report by the official website of the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom on June 11, two independent research teams wrote in the journal Nature Medicine published on the same day that their latest research shows that the CRISPR-Cas9 technology known as the "genetic magic scissors" will lead to The cells edited by them lack the p53 protein pathway, which may increase the risk of canceration in these cells.
The researchers said that although more research is needed to confirm this, CRISPR-Cas9 will become an important tool in the biomedical world, so it is necessary to pay attention to potential safety issues. Zhang Yan, a researcher at the Pasteur Institute in Shanghai, also stressed to the Science and Technology Daily reporter: "If any new treatment technology is to be promoted to the clinic, safety is always the first."
CRISPR-modified cells or cancerous
The CRISPR-Cas9 system is part of the "secret weapon" that bacteria use to protect themselves from the harmful effects of viruses. It has become the "sweet" in the eyes of many scientists who are using it to remove and replace defective genes. Part of the system is like a GPS locator that can be programmed to some exact location in the genome; the other part, the "Molecular Scissors," cuts the defective DNA duplex to replace it with DNA without defects.
But scientists have recently discovered that using CRISPR-Cas9 can have unintended consequences.
The team at Cambridge University and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden said that cutting the genome with CRISPR-Cas9 induces the activation of protein p53, which acts like a cell alert system, tells the cell that the DNA has been destroyed and opens the cell "first aid kit." "Repair the damage." Triggering this system protects cells from DNA damage and makes gene editing more difficult. Therefore, cells lacking this system are easier to edit than normal cells.
If the entire process continues, cells that lack the p53 pathway are more likely to be selected, increasing the number of cells that have lost protection mechanisms in the genome-edited cell population. Cells that lack p53 are more likely to become neoplastic (about half of the tumor cells lack this pathway) because DNA damage can no longer be corrected.
The independent research of the Novartis Research team in the United States also achieved the same result.
Zhang Yan pointed out: "In the past, for the safety of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, people often pay attention to its 'off-target effects', that is, whether the CRISPR-Cas9 is cut in the genome where it should not be cut. Cut. But these two recent studies show that in addition to focusing on the 'off-target effect' of the technology, people also need to pay attention to the potential carcinogenicity of the cells they have edited."
The safety of technology bears the brunt
"We don't want to be alarmist, nor say that CRISPR-Cas9 is bad or dangerous," said Jusi Tepalai, the head of the latest research team and professor of the University of Cambridge. "Obviously, CRISPR-Cas9 will become important in the biomedical world. Tools can be used for research as well as potential life-saving therapies, so it's really important to focus on safety issues."
Zhang Yan is also worried about this. He stressed: "CRISPR-Cas9 technology is essentially a kind of gene therapy technology. Just like drugs, it needs to be safe and effective in experimental animals before it is officially used in clinical practice. Sexual pre-clinical comprehensive evaluation. Only through pre-clinical animal tests, it proves its safety, can further apply for clinical research and trials in humans. In short, any new treatment technology, if it is to be clinical Advance, safety is always the first."
Zhang Yan also said that although the CRISPR-Cas9 technology has various potential risks, it can still reduce the risk as much as possible through some screening treatment.
For example, he said: "For example, genome-wide sequencing of cells treated with CRISPR-Cas9 technology to rule out the potential 'off-target' risk; and for these two new discoveries, it may be necessary to have a CRISPR- The function of the p53 gene and protein in Cas9-treated cells was tested to remove potentially carcinogenic cells."
Tepalai said that next, they will clarify how the process of cutting DNA double strands triggers this DNA reaction. Once the secret is better understood, it is possible to prevent this mechanism from happening and thus reduce p53-deficient cells. The choice advantage. (Technology Daily, Beijing, June 14th)
Source: Technology Daily
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