The contribution rate of good seed species in general production accounts for 30% to 40%, and in the production of high-oil soybean, the contribution rate of the variety can reach more than 80%. In recent years, driven by the implementation of the soybean revitalization program by the Ministry of Agriculture, a series of high-oil soybean varieties have been bred in succession in China, especially in the Northeast soybean production area. However, due to the different ecological conditions in the producing areas, the maturity types of different high-oil soybean varieties vary greatly, resulting in a significant change in yield between different regions and years.
It is entirely possible and feasible to rationally select high-oil varieties that are compatible with local ecological conditions and to support practical high-yielding cultivation patterns and technical measures to increase production.
According to local production practices, the selection of varieties for high-yield soybean cultivation should follow the following principles:
First, the maturity of the variety is suitable to ensure full maturity before the frost. Whether the accumulative temperature, the number of birth days, and the ripening period are similar to the local main cultivars is the main criterion for measuring the suitability of the variety ripening period. Among them, the ripening period is similar to the standard of the local cultivars. It is more accurate and reliable. Because soybean growth is more sensitive to light, the accumulated temperature and number of fertility days is only a relative average of fertility performance in specific areas, and often varies depending on the year and place. In addition, the coordinated development of the breeder's reproductive process and the seasonal changes in climate is also one of the prerequisites for realizing high-yielding and high-yield production.
Second, the varieties have high oil content. Generally, the soybean oil content should be above 20%, the high oil soybean should be above 22%, and the pure grain rate should be over 98%. The former should meet the first-grade standard and the latter should reach the super-standard level. At present, under the circumstance that high-oil soybean varieties are valued, exaggerating the oil content of the varieties or over-emphasizing the high oil content should avoid misleading production.
Third, the varieties have high yield potential, strong adaptability and high yield. The selection of high oil varieties cannot ignore the yield potential of varieties, which is also one of the prerequisites for the formation of high yields. Due to the different utilization and adaptability of different varieties to the local conditions such as fertilizer and water, they will also show different characteristics in the growth and development, and ultimately cause significant differences in the high yield of the varieties. Only according to the actual conditions of local soil fertility and water conditions, select varieties with strong adaptability, good yield and stability, in order to fully tap the high-yield potential of the high-oil varieties themselves, and realize more significant increase in production.
Fourth, the varieties have strong resistance to pests and diseases. High-yield soybean cultivation should also emphasize the variety's pest resistance. Because the damage of pests and diseases can not only reduce the quality and oil content of commercial soybeans, but also cause serious obstacles to soybean growth and greatly reduce production. Variety resistance to pests and diseases can also effectively reduce control operations and reduce production costs. In addition, the selection of pest-resistant varieties is the basis and prerequisite for the production of pollution-free (green or organic) soybeans, which directly determines whether commodity soybeans can meet pollution-free (green or organic) product standards.
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