Plum seedlings have excellent qualities such as light-loving, drought-resistant, and cold-resistant. They have strong resistance to diseases and insect pests and have strong adaptability to the environment. In the cultivation process, the quality of plum seedlings is often lagging due to uneven planting, poor quality plum seedlings, and backward cultivation techniques. The growth level is uneven, even bending, upside down, etc., which are not conducive to the cultivation of plum seedlings. Strengthening the selection and cultivation of plum seedlings and speeding up the cultivation of high-quality and strong plum seedlings is a key task to promote the development of plum cultivation.
1. Growth status of plum seedlings under different seed treatment methods
Three different methods are used to treat the seeds of plum seedlings. The three methods are soaking seeds in 60 degrees warm water, burying seeds in mixed sand for 40 days, and burying seeds in mixed sand for three months. The treated seeds are cultivated uniformly at the same time. Sow the seeds at the same density, then cultivate them in the same management method, and finally observe the growth status of plum seedlings under different methods. Cultivation was carried out with seeds soaked in 60 degrees warm water for one week. The plum seedlings grew 4.1 cm in height and 0.29 cm in foundation diameter. Plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm accounted for 96% of all plum seedlings. Cultivation was carried out with seeds buried in sand for 40 days. The height of the plum seedlings grown was 64 cm, the foundation diameter was 0.58 cm, and the plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm accounted for 5% of all plum seedlings. Cultivated with seeds buried in sand for three months, the height of the plum seedlings grown is 58 cm, the foundation diameter is 0.5 cm, and the plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm account for 1.7% of all plum seedlings. . It is understood that the growth status of plum seedlings cultivated by seeds under different treatment methods is quite different. The plum seedlings cultivated by the mixed sand burying method are higher than the plum seedlings cultivated by the soaking method. The foundation diameter is larger, and plum seedlings with a height of less than ten centimeters account for a smaller proportion of all plum seedlings. It can be seen that the mixed sand burying method is better than the seed soaking method after treatment. Comparing the different methods of burying in mixed sand with different lengths of time, the plum seedlings cultivated in three months of mixed sand burying are slightly lower in height and have a slightly smaller foundation diameter than those cultivated in 40 days of mixed sand burying. , But even so, the height and foundation diameter of plum seedlings cultivated for three months in mixed sand burying still meet the standard. Compared with 40 days, plum seedlings cultivated for three months of mixed sand burying have significantly fewer plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm. It can be seen that the three-month seed treatment method of mixed sand burying is the best.
2. Cultivation of high-quality and strong plum tree seedlings by improving plowing and fertilization techniques
2.1 The effect of plowing depth on the growth of plum seedlings
In the experiment of the effect of plowing on the quality of plum seedlings, the fertilization technology should be used as a quantitative measure to change the depth of plowing. According to experiments, when the plowing depth is 25 cm, the height of plum seedlings is 46 cm, the foundation diameter is 0.6 cm, and plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm account for 13% of the total. When the plowing depth is 15 cm, the height of plum seedlings is 7.9 cm, and the foundation diameter is 0.4 cm. Plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm account for 71% of the total. It can be seen that when the plowing depth is deep, the height and foundation diameter of plum seedlings are larger than those cultivated under shallow plowing, and the proportion of plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm is also greatly reduced. The magnitude of the change is large. It can be seen that the depth of plowing has a far-reaching effect on the quality of plum seedlings. When the depth of plowing is deeper, plum seedlings are more excellent.
2.2 The effect of fertilization on the growth of plum seedlings
Experiments show that when fertilizing 3000kg per mu of field, plum seedlings have a height of 50 cm and a foundation diameter of 0.72 cm. Plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm account for 11% of the total. When fertilizing 1000kg per acre, the height of plum seedlings is 12 cm, the foundation diameter is 0.43 cm, and plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm account for 65% of the total. It is known from the above data that when the amount of fertilizer is increased, the height and foundation diameter of plum seedlings become larger, and the number of plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm is greatly reduced, and plum seedlings are more excellent. It can be seen that increasing the amount of fertilization and deepening the depth of plowing are more beneficial to the cultivation of good plum seedlings. Under this condition, the plum seedlings not only have a higher seedling height, fewer seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm, but also grow more neatly.
2.3 The effect of fertilization time on the growth of plum seedlings
Under the condition of the same seed treatment method, tillage depth, fertilization amount and other management methods, if the fertilizer is applied on June 20, plum seedlings will be 15 cm tall, with a foundation diameter of 0.35 cm, and plums with a height of less than 10 cm. Miao accounted for 38% of the total. If fertilized on July 20, plum seedlings are 4.8 cm tall, and the foundation diameter is 0.24 cm. Plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm account for 82% of all plum seedlings. It can be seen that earlier fertilization is relatively late, plum seedlings grow taller, the foundation diameter is larger, and the proportion of plum seedlings with a height of less than 10 cm is less. Therefore, earlier fertilization is important for the growth of plum seedlings. Has obvious advantages.
During the growth and development of plum seedlings, there are often uneven growth levels, even bending, upside down, etc. It is understood that the use of mixed sand burying method to treat seeds has more advantages than warm water soaking methods. The growth of plum seedlings will be better when the seeds are buried in sand for a long time. In addition, plum seedlings grow better when the depth of plowing is deeper, the amount of fertilization is more, and the fertilization period is earlier. The plum seedlings with higher seedling height, larger foundation diameter, and height less than 10 cm account for all plum seedlings. The ratio is smaller. Therefore, when cultivating plum seedlings, we must make full use of these conditions, deepen the depth of plowing, increase the amount of fertilizer, and fertilize the time according to the actual situation, so as to cultivate more high-quality plum seedlings.
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