In central and southern Hebei, the key to potato spring cultivation is to market early to achieve high benefits. Potatoes grown in plastic greenhouses or greenhouses can be put on the market around May Day, saving labor and effort, simple technology, and relatively small investment, which can be a way to get rich. A good way to increase income.
1. Choose good varieties and seed potatoes
In the selection of varieties, it is advisable to choose the varieties with concentrated tuber, few branches, erect plant type, high yield and early maturity, such as Holland 7, Holland 15, Kexin 4, Kexin 13, Jingdabai, etc. can all be selected. In the selection of seed potatoes, we strictly select virus-free seed potatoes, try to use good seeds with a small number of breeding generations, and buy from reputable seed potatoes companies. We prepare about 165 kilograms of seed potatoes per acre.
Second, the greenhouse is well prepared
Prepare the big shed and prepare the ground in time. The big shed should be buckled in advance. The stubble in the old shed should not be Solanaceae or cruciferous crops. The ground should be prepared before winter, and the ground should be prepared 20 days before planting at the latest. Before soil preparation, make moisture in advance according to the moisture condition, and then spread 5000 kg of soil and manure per mu, use tillage plow to deep till more than 20 cm, and then use 100～200 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer (including bacterial fertilizer) + sulfuric acid per mu Potassium compound fertilizer (18-7-20) is 100 kg, and the land is leveled by rotary tillage after spraying. Ditch the ditch before planting, spread phoxim along the ditch, and then raise the ridge.
3. Seed potato processing
Seed potatoes are treated 20 days before sowing, according to the three procedures of disinfection, dicing, and germination. Before dicing, use potassium permanganate for disinfection. Generally, each diced piece has at least one bud eye, and the piece weighs about 25 grams. After cutting, cut into pieces and dry mix with plant ash, or soak the seeds with 200 times solution of carbendazim. After cutting into pieces, spread 5 cm of fine sand on the bottom layer in a heat-preserving room, and then arrange the potato pieces in turn with the sprouts facing upwards, and try to do as much as possible Arrange the second and third layers of potato slices in sequence according to the above-mentioned method. The last layer is covered with 5 cm thick fine sand and covered with grass thatch. The temperature should be kept at 15℃～25℃, and the humidity of the germination bed should be held in hands to form a mass and fall to pieces. Germination was carried out under dark light conditions for 20 days. When the tuber sprouts are 1 to 2 cm long, take the tuber out and move it to a room with a diffused light at 10°C to 15°C for airing. When airing, spread a layer of wet sand on the bottom. With the help of low temperature and scattered light, the growth of the top buds is controlled and the side buds germinate in large quantities. Then wait for seeding.
Four, scientific seeding
When the ground temperature of 10 cm in the shed is stable at 8 ℃, sowing can be done. If it is too early, bad weather will affect the temperature of the shed, and it will not play the role of early cultivation in the large shed. Use high ridges for sowing to increase air permeability. After sowing, cover with film. If necessary, cover with inner film or build small arches to increase soil temperature and promote early potato emergence. The row spacing is about 60 cm, and the plant spacing is about 18 cm.
5. Field management
Place the seedlings with eyesight when the seedlings are arched over the top of the soil, and at the same time cover the holes with wet soil to prevent air leakage. Irrigate once after the potato seedlings emerge to promote the growth of the seedlings. From sowing to emergence of seedlings for about 20 days, keep at 16°C to 20°C during the day and 12°C to 15°C at night. At the potato planting stage, ventilation and cooling are the main steps to ensure that the ground temperature in the shed is maintained at 16°C to 18°C. When the temperature reaches 20°C, the shed film will be opened for ventilation at 9 am and the wind will be closed at about 3 pm. In April, when the outside air temperature is above 20°C during the day and 12°C at night, full ventilation will be carried out day and night. Cover the film even when the temperature is low. During childbirth, bamboo poles are often used to vibrate the shed film to make water droplets fall on the film and increase the light transmittance of the film.
Watering each time after emergence, grouping stage, and after capping, and watering twice during the swelling stage of the potato. According to the growth potential of the capping water and swelling water, 15-20 kg of high-potassium flushing fertilizer per mu can be applied with the water. Do not water over the top of the ridge, keep the soil aeration, and promote the swelling of the potato pieces. Spray natural brassin once during the tuanke period. When the plants are budding, remove the film and cover the soil.
If the plant grows excessively, it can be controlled manually: when the first flowering, use the bamboo pole to remove the tidbits horizontally, and for the second flowering, use the bamboo pole to remove the tidbits up and down, and at the same time break the upper main stem growth point. You can also spray Apply paclobutrazol 1 to 2 times. In addition, you can spray with 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 50 grams of white sugar + 100 grams of eucalyptus calcium + 50 grams of dysenzinc + 15 kilograms of water to promote the expansion of potato pieces.
Six, timely harvest
The growth period of potatoes in the spring greenhouse is relatively short. Generally, potato tubers with a diameter of 5 to 6 cm or more should be harvested in time in early and mid-May. In order to reduce the loss of moisture and nutrition of commercial potatoes, they should be stored away from light.
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