As an excellent economic crop, Chaotianjiao has good planting benefits, and has the advantages of saving capital, saving labor, and resisting drought and stable production. Farmers' friends planting Chaotianjiao, first of all, choose the right varieties, and choose to use disease-resistant and stress-resistant varieties, suitable for spring and wheat-cultivated varieties, such as Qixingjiao, Japanese Sanyingjiao (cluster pepper), and scattered "bullet". (long pepper) and so on. In terms of specific planting and management, scientific methods should be adopted to achieve high yield.
Seed treatment
Before sowing, it is generally required to dry the seeds for 2 to 3 days, soak the seeds in water, stir well, remove the glutinous grains, use warm water to clean the dishes at 30-40 ° C, soak seeds for 12 to 24 hours, and then dip them with water. After ~5 hours, soak seeds with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 20 to 30 minutes, remove the thoroughly washed liquid, and germination for 4 to 5 days. When the length of the young roots is equal to the length of the seeds, they can be sown.
Sowing seedling
As the saying goes, "Spicy flowers, eggplants and pods." Timely early sowing is one of the important measures for the high yield of Chaotian pepper. Therefore, it is better to wait for the seedlings.
The best time to sow seedlings is from the end of January to the middle and late February. The seedbed should be selected from the leeward sun, the terrain is dry, the soil is fertile, no peppers have been planted, and the land with convenient transportation and water source is used as the nursery. The seedbed is 1 meter wide, no more than 10 meters long, 20 centimeters high and 0.5 meters high. Each planting a large area requires 8 to 10 square meters of seedbeds. For every 10 square meters of seedbed, apply 400 kg of high-quality rotted fertilizer, 1 kg of urea, 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dig into the soil, and then pour the bottom of the water. After the water has been infiltrated, use a knife to divide the square into square squares. Seeds within the square are 2 to 3 seeds. The seedbed is disinfected with 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times before sowing. Seeding 130-150 grams per mu of transplanted land, select the windless sunny day at noon for sowing, by pouring enough water on the neat face, after soaking, you can sow, then cover the seeds with fine soil 0.5 cm thick, can not be too thick and too thin, covered with plastic film immediately after sowing, surrounded by mud.
Seedbed management
Maintain 20 to 28 °C during the day and 15 to 18 °C during the night, and the soil temperature of the seedbed is not lower than 18 °C. Maintain 1.5 to 20 ° C during the day and 5 to 10 ° C during the night. If the temperature is too low, the cover can be used to keep warm and cold, and if it is too high, it can be cooled in the form of “dischargeâ€. Adhere to the principle of gradual and orderly progress, and must not suddenly uncover the film and suddenly cover the film. If the bottom water is poured, it is generally not watered. If watering is required, the watering should not be too much. In the later stage, 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed. A fresh film is required. Note that during the day, the film is exposed to light, and on cloudy days, the bed curtain or the film should be properly ventilated when the bed temperature is not lower than 16 °C. Generally, a true leaf is 3 to 5 days long. When it grows to 4 to 5 leaves, leave a seedling at 3 cm square and pull out the weeds in the seedbed.çŒ ç—… disease, blight, anthracnose with 50% carbendazim 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil 600 ~ 800 times liquid control; mites with 2800 times liquid enemy kill control.
Timely transplanting
From mid-late March to mid-April, the pH value of fertilizer and loose ventilation was 6.5-8 loam, sandy loam or clay loam. The plant spacing was 4,530 cm, 4000 to 4,500 litters per mu, and each nest was planted. 6 to 7 cm deep. The requirement for selecting plants is 20 cm in height, 60 days in seedling age, 10 to 14 true leaves, 1.2 cm in internode length, green color in leaves, developed roots, 2 to 3 lateral roots, and a few plants Flower buds, no pests and diseases. The bottom fertilizer is applied with 30 tons of high-quality manure water, 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50 kg of superphosphate, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate.
Field management
Chaotian pepper is warm, hi-fer, hi-water, not resistant to high temperature, not resistant to heavy fertilizer, and most avoid rain. Management should do the following:
Cultivate the soil. Timely cultivating the soil can promote the growth and development of the roots of the pepper, increase the soil temperature, and help to protect the soil. When the soil moisture is high, the cultivating can also be wet, which is beneficial to root growth.
Staged topdressing. If the bottom fertilizer is not applied, it can be divided into 2 to 3 times for top dressing, 50-60 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 40-50 kg of superphosphate. If the base fertilizer is applied, there is a lack of fertilizer. The root dressing can be carried out with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.4% urea.
Prevent falling flowers and fruit. There are many reasons for the fall of the peppers, such as high temperature, low temperature, drought, lack of fertilizer, length, pests and diseases. While strengthening agricultural measures, it is possible to use anti-falling substances and strong production of flowers to protect flowers and fruits.
Drought resistance and drainage. The roots of the peppers are shallow, and they are afraid of drought and drought, especially during the fruit-bearing period. If water is scarce, the yield will be seriously affected. It should be poured in small water to keep the soil moist. Avoid high temperature weathering at noon to avoid lowering soil temperature, causing leaves, falling flowers, and falling fruits.
Topping the top. The level of pepper-like branches is obvious, one is the main stem and fruit branch, the other is the side branch fruit branch, and the third is the side branch fruit branch. The main yield is the composition of the fruit of the accessory side branch. Therefore, the main stem should be artificially topped to promote the lateral branch. If the side branch occurs late, the fruit cannot be matured and should be removed in time.
Pest Control. The diseases that harm the peppers are rickets, blight, virus diseases, epidemics, etc., should be prevented as early as possible, and the principle of prevention of stress should be adhered to. From July to August, it is a multi-stage of epidemic disease. It sprays once every 7-8 days. It can be sprayed with carbendazim and chlorothalonil. Pests: mainly cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm and corn borer. Can be used with beta-cypermethrin 3000. Spraying a doubling solution or a 5000 times solution of Caesar emulsifiable concentrate. Usually, you should look carefully and carefully, and control when there are few insects and small ones. Pay attention to the control of red spiders, mites, etc. when the weather is dry.
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