Plastic film mulching has played a prominent role in increasing ground temperature, retaining water and fertilizer, greatly improving the ability of crops to resist agricultural disasters, ensuring stable and increased yield, and also improving soil physical and chemical properties, inhibiting weed growth, and reducing diseases. But in production, not all farmers have used the mulch film, especially in the production of greenhouse vegetables, the mulching method is not reasonable, which seriously affects the growth of vegetables.
1.The mulch is close to the base of the stem.
Some vegetable farmers planted a large area of ​​dead peppers, and the base of the stems rotted and became dark brown and water-soaked. After careful inspection and inquiry, I learned that when they covered the mulch, the mulch and the stalk were close together. When the temperature was high, the water evaporated from the soil condensed into water droplets on the mulch and flowed down the stem base, day after day A high-temperature and high-humidity environment was formed at the base of the stem, which caused a severe outbreak of sweet pepper blight.
Vegetable farmers are reminded to remember not to stick to the base of the vegetable stalk when covering the mulch, try not to cut the mulch with a blade, and use your fingers to pull the mulch to ensure that the mouth is larger and will not close. Generally, the diameter is 5-8 cm. At the high temperature stage, roll up both sides of the mulch to prevent the ground temperature from becoming too high; when the temperature drops, pull the mulch away again and use the graft clamp to clamp two adjacent mulches so that the mulch does not contact the stalk.
2. Full-height ground covering affects root growth
Some vegetable farmers report that the spring tomato crops planted this year are weak, with thin stems, yellow leaves, and severe flower and fruit drop. Technical personnel found through field interviews that the mulch they covered was close to the ground, which affected the gas exchange between soil and air. Especially after watering, the soil had poor air permeability, resulting in obstructed root breathing, poor root growth, and the ability to absorb nutrients. Weakened, tomatoes grow naturally weak.
It is suggested that it is best to support the mulch with steel wire or bamboo rods at the planting row, and cover the stalks every 50 centimeters from south to north. This can achieve watering under the film, which improves the soil permeability. It also makes it difficult for the moisture to volatilize to the outside, and reduces the humidity in the shed. The operation line is best to cover the crop straws, which not only raises the ground temperature, but also regulates the humidity in the shed.
3. Premature mulch film covering in autumn is not conducive to deep rooting
In winter, as the temperature decreases, vegetable farmers who grow cucumbers usually use the "punch method" to intensify mulching. According to practical suggestions, in the greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the time of covering film should be determined according to the specific climate conditions. For example, after the autumn stubble cucumber is planted, the outside temperature is high. If it is covered immediately, on the one hand, it is prone to stagnation because of the high temperature of the film; The growth of stalks may cause squatting seedlings to fail and it is difficult to cultivate strong plants. Therefore, it is recommended to cover with plastic film 15 days after planting according to the weather conditions.
4. Covering the mulch only in the operation line is equivalent to not covering the mulch
During the visit, the author also found that many vegetable farmers only covered the operation rows in the shed in order to reduce costs, while the plantation rows did not cover the mulch. However, such an approach not only failed to give full play to the advantages of mulch coverage, but also highlighted its disadvantages, with very poor results. In the production of greenhouse vegetables, the most important role of mulching film is to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The operation of covering the film with the planting line and not covering the planting line is not good for reducing the humidity in the shed, because when the vegetables are watered, the planting line is mostly watered. To what extent, it can not achieve the effect of thermal insulation. However, the disadvantages of covering the mulch in the operation line are also obvious, which greatly reduces the soil permeability in the operation line and affects the growth and development of the root system.
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