Zinc deficiency is one of the common physiological diseases in corn cultivation. Its main symptoms are: 1-2 weeks after emergence, there are leaf chlorosis, that is, "white bud" disease; symptoms are more pronounced when 3-6 leaves, manifested as chlorosis between young and young leaves, pale yellow or Yellow-white, white basal leaves, commonly known as "white seedling" disease. Zinc-deficient maize plants were dwarfed and internodes shortened during the late growth period, and had less fertility, baldness, and lack of kernels, resulting in severe reduction in yield. In more severe cases, the leaf mesophyll tissue became necrotic and became a translucent film with no plant death.
Causes of Zinc Deficiency in Maize
The main reason for the low effective zinc content in the soil. Calcareous, saline and aeolian soils are severely deficient zinc soil types. The organic matter content of this type of soil is low, most of which is about 1%. The ability to retain water and maintain fertilizer is poor, and most of the effective zinc content is less than 1-1.5 mg/kg.
Blind large-scale application of phosphate fertilizer is another cause of zinc deficiency. Phosphorus and zinc can antagonize each other. When the P/Zn value of the plant is ≥400, the plants are prone to zinc deficiency symptoms. The reason is that the combination of zinc and phosphate is easy to form zinc phosphate precipitation, which reduces the effectiveness of zinc fertilizer. Experiments have shown that the concentration of zinc increases with the increase of the level of zinc supply in plants without phosphate fertilizers, while the concentration of zinc decreases with the application of high levels of phosphate fertilizers. This shows that the use of phosphate fertilizers to a certain extent limits the use of zinc by maize and causes zinc deficiency in corn. In fact, there is a large amount of records on the application of phosphate fertilizers or phosphorus fertilizers to the land where zinc deficiency occurs. According to other data, when the application of ammonium diammonium phosphate (46% phosphorous content) in corn plots exceeds 30 kilograms, there will be varying degrees of zinc deficiency performance, sometimes only minor and undiscovered.
High-yield plots are the third largest cause of zinc deficiency in maize due to high yields in successive years, and taking large amounts of zinc from the soil without timely return of zinc nutrients. In particular, serious corn crops and high-yield plots are more prominent.
Zinc deficiency in corn
First, supplement zinc fertilizer through the soil. The common zinc fertilizers include zinc sulfate and zinc oxide, which can be used as base fertilizer or top dressing. The recommended dosage of zinc sulphate is 1-1.5 kg, which can be mixed with acidic nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer. If used for soaking, the concentration of zinc sulfate is 0.1%-0.2%; if the root is sprayed, the concentration of zinc sulfate in the seedling stage is 0.01%-0.05%, and the spraying concentration in the later period is 0.1%-0.2%; the dosage of seed dressing is 500 grams of seed to 1-3 grams. It should be noted that zinc fertilizers should not be mixed with phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.).
Second, scientific application of phosphate fertilizer to avoid antagonism. Due to the poor mobility of phosphate fertilizers, it is recommended that phosphorus fertilization be applied in a single application, that is, concentrated application, which can reduce the contact area between phosphate fertilizer and soil, which can not only increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, but also effectively reduce the chance of chemical action of phosphorus and zinc. Play zinc fertilizer and zinc in the soil. In addition, phosphorus-containing fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers have better mixed effects.
Secondly, more use of farmyard fertilizer, effective zinc supplement. Decomposed farmyard manure contains a large amount of organic zinc, which is effective and has a long duration of fertilizer. The application of farmyard manure can meet the needs of maize for zinc growth. At the same time, it can also improve soil physical and chemical properties and promote the effective release of zinc in soil. It has been proved that every year corn fields that are decomposing farmyard manure are applied to soil (1500-2000 kg per year), and almost no zinc deficiency occurs in maize.
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