If the planting density is too high, the light in the garden will deteriorate, the parts will move out, the quality of the fruit will decrease, and the production efficiency will decline. This is a common problem in my country's apple production. The following matters should be paid attention to when thinning the old orchard.
1. Choosing the best and keeping the tree in the orchard, the fruiting ability of different individuals is not the same, there are differences between species and plants. Some plants are damaged by diseases and insects, especially after rot disease, which causes the material transportation in the plants to be blocked, and as a result, the ability is reduced. When thinning and transformation, attention should be paid to selecting the best trees.
2. Thorough removal of thinning objects. For the determined thinning objects, all branches, trunks, roots, etc. on the ground and underground should be completely removed. The branches and trunks on the tree can be sawn off first, and then the main trunk can be dug out, and the root system should be removed to prevent roots. Rot spreads and protects the roots of the remaining plants to grow vigorously.
3. Backfilling of tree holes Because of the long-term growth of the tree body, the nutrients in the tree holes are consumed in large quantities, and a large amount of toxic substances accumulate, which is very unfavorable for the growth of fruit trees. You can use the opportunity of backfilling to apply a large amount of organic fertilizer or Bury weeds to supplement soil nutrients; fill the hole with mature soil between rows to optimize the soil structure in the hole.
4. Strengthen the management of the remaining plants. In the first 1 to 2 years after thinning, the output in the garden has declined slightly. Promoting the recovery of yield is the top priority of the management of the thinning garden. The following tasks should be focused on during production:
1. Strengthen tree management. After thinning, the apple orchard tree management should highlight the following:
(1) Dilute the tree concept and transform the control target. The purpose of thinning and reforming apple orchards should be to increase yield, quality, and efficiency. Don’t be constrained by traditional concepts. It should be based on the goal of “not tangible, invisible and not chaoticâ€. Don’t overemphasize the shape of the tree because of the shape of the tree. The angles of the branches of the plant are open, the branch group is plump, and the skeleton is firm. As a result, the drooping branches are the fertile tree facies.
(2) Make full use of the branches of the plants left to increase the number of branches in the garden. When thinning and reforming the apple orchard, the branches should be long-released, and the branches should be removed as little or not as possible. After thinning the plants in the apple orchard, enough space is freed up, the overall lighting is optimized, and the remaining branches can basically be fully bathed. For the long branches, they should be transformed into fruiting branches as much as possible. After thinning, 1-2 The amount of branches per mu will be restored to 70,000 to 80,000 within the year to form a new group of results.
(3) Strengthen the cultivation of hanging branches. The results of the drooping branches are in line with the growth characteristics of apples and are favorable for the accumulation of photosynthetic products. Due to the action of the earth's gravity, the fruit is of good shape and good quality. At the same time, the drooping branches can improve the lighting conditions in the garden. It is possible to cultivate more drooping branches. For the branches drawn from the branch axis, the management measures of long release, long release, and long release are implemented to cultivate into a strong branch group, and then change the direction of the branch to transform it into a drooping fruiting branch. This is the core of improving yield and quality. Measures should be taken seriously in production.
2. Fertilize the soil. The status of soil fertility directly determines the efficiency of apple production. After thinning, the apple orchard should improve the soil fertility as one of the breakthrough points to improve the production efficiency, and make every effort to tackle tough problems. The focus should be on the following measures:
(1) Where there is farmyard manure, sufficient farmyard manure should be applied. After thinning, the apple orchard should ensure that the application rate per mu is about 5,000 kg, or 50-100 kg of biogas residue should be applied per plant. Where farmhouse fertilizers are insufficient, commercial organic fertilizers should be applied to ensure that the application rate per mu is about 500 kg, which lays a solid foundation for efficient production.
(2) Popularize the straw mulching method in areas with abundant crop straws. This is an effective measure to improve soil organic matter. Covering tree trays, tree rows or the whole garden with crop straws, burying them in the soil after 2 to 3 years of decay, can greatly increase the soil organic matter content, which is very beneficial for apple production.
(3) Where there are water irrigated conditions, grass cultivation should be carried out. You can plant clover, ryegrass, and other shallow-rooted grasses with large growth between the rows, cut them during the growing season, cover the tree trays, or directly press to increase the soil organic matter content.
3. Strengthen moisture preservation to prevent the tree from becoming weak. In the north of my country, low precipitation, drought and lack of moisture are one of the main factors that lead to weakening of the tree and affect the yield and quality. The apple orchard after thinning should strengthen the moisture preservation measures, and improve the soil through the implementation of grass mulching and film mulching in the orchard. The water utilization rate ensures the healthy growth of the tree.
4. Protect the leaves and increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products. Strengthen the prevention and control of pests that harm leaves, ensure the integrity of leaves, and improve the ability to produce photosynthetic products. Fertilize the leaves in autumn to extend the growth time of functional leaves, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and increase tree nutrition.
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