Release date: 2014-06-09
Whether blood transfusion or blood is required, blood type matching is required. This is common sense in our lives. The team of Zhejiang University professor Tang Ruikang uses the method of “dressing cellsâ€. Red blood cells can be infused to any patient without considering the blood type. This new way of making "universal blood" was recently published online in the British Chemical Society magazine Chemistry.
Scientific common sense tells us that human blood type is determined by the antigenic protein on the surface of red blood cells. For example, the most common ABO blood group system, the type A blood red blood cell surface with type A antigen, the type B blood red blood cell surface with type B antigen. When transfusion is performed, the antibodies in the plasma of the recipient will recognize the surface antigen of the red blood cells of the donor. If the blood type does not match, the antibody will define them as "foreign species" and attack them, causing serious or even fatal consequences. .
Therefore, scientists have long been looking for a method for making “universal bloodâ€, which is of great significance for clinical transfusion, especially for the rescue of rare blood types in emergencies. Scientists at the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom have also proposed a scheme. The idea is to obtain the "universal blood" by in vitro culture and expansion of stem cells in the human body by means of genetic engineering. This is theoretically feasible, but the cost is equivalent. expensive.
Six years ago, the Tang Ruikang team was inspired by eggshell-protected eggs and invented a way to “dress†cells. It is hoped that cells with "shells" can be created in the laboratory, giving cells different functions and properties, which is scientifically called "cell surface engineering strategy." This strategy is used to transform red blood cells, so that cell surface antigens can be protected from being detected, and another way to create "universal blood."
"We therefore need to find a suitable coat material for red blood cells and accurately 'wear it' onto the red blood cells." The first author of the paper, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, and the associate professor of Zhejiang University Translational Medicine Research Institute, said Wang Ben. The difficulty of this research is to find "cloth", and secondly, how to tailor the clothes so that the clothes of the red blood cells are "like a natural thing", and the "clothes" cannot be wrapped too tightly, which will affect the fluidity of the cell membrane itself; The package is too loose, so the antigen may be "exposed". In this regard, the team members made a lot of attempts.
This method has been evaluated by international peers as very dexterous, because the unit of "clothing" is also the original material in the human body, and will not be regarded as an "outside intruder" by antibodies in plasma from the beginning. In vitro experiments have also confirmed that the red blood cells wearing "clothes", in the case of blood mismatch, the antigen reaction that should have occurred is gone, but the structural and functional characteristics of red blood cells remain unchanged, such as oxygen carrying capacity. The research team also conducted a mouse test. The modified red blood cells maintained the behavioral characteristics of the original red blood cells and had a similar life cycle. Even after repeated blood transfusions, the immune response of the recipients was not stimulated.
However, although this study demonstrates exciting clinical application prospects, Tang Ruikang believes that it is still a technical means at present, and that it needs to be further applied to the clinic, and further large animal model experiments and preclinical tests are needed.
"If you store a large amount of 'universal blood' for emergency blood transfusion, or to deal with insufficient blood reserves for people with rare blood types, it will be an invaluable resource for medical and health work." Wang Ben said that the current study only For the ABO blood group system, it is necessary to apply the system to the rare RhD blood group system.
Source: People's Daily
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