Tomato cultivation and pest control techniques
I. Cultivation techniques
1. Seedlings: Choose a plot that is sheltered from the sun, has a high dry terrain, is well drained, and has convenient water sources, traffic, and management. The seed weight of tomato seeds is generally 3 to 5 grams, and about 3300 seeds per mu of field need to be seedlings, and the amount of 20-50 grams is required. The seedbed per square meter can be seeded with 3-5 grams. Seed treatment before sowing. When the seedlings grow to two true leaves, they are transplanted into a 8×8~10cm nutrient bowl. The seedling age is 70-80 days, and when 7-8 leaves bud, the warm-headed warm-headed weather is planted with soil.
2, site preparation Shi Fei: After deep-cultivation squat thin into a width of 80cm, height 16-24cm, the width of the roadway 33cm, planted 2 rows per vehicle. When fertilizing, the reasonable proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:1:2, and 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms of mature organic manure is applied to Mushi, 25 kilograms of superphosphate are applied, and 20 kilograms of potash (or 80 kilograms of plant ash) are applied.
3, timely planting, rational close planting: early spring cultivation of protected areas in late February to early March cold warm end of the first warm weather planting; open field mulching cultivation on March 20 around the warm end of cold head warm weather planting. The planting density was 50×30cm per mu for early maturing varieties and around 3,000 per acre. The medium-late-maturing varieties used about 3,500 per acre for single and dry pruning, and about 2000 per acre for double dry pruning.
4, pruning, reaching frame, tied vines: After the first fruit, take the "herringbone" frame. There are two main methods of pruning, one is to leave the trunk only, and all the lateral branches are removed (preferably when the side branches grow to 4-7 cm), which is called single dry pruning; the other is to leave the first inflorescence except the main trunk. The lateral branches and all other lateral branches were removed and called double dry pruning. Regardless of the type of pruning, attention should be paid to timely tying.
5, Baohuabaoguo: In order to prevent flowering and fruit drop can be used in the flowering period with 10-20ppm 2,4-D liquid dip flower or painted, or with 20-30ppm tomato Ling spray flowers. During the middle and late stages of plant growth, the old leaves of the lower part can also be properly removed to reduce the consumption of nutrients and improve the ventilation and light transmission. The indefinitely growing varieties should be topping in time after 4 to 5 sets of fruit to increase the fruit setting rate and promote fruit ripening.
6, fertilizer and water management: the growth period of the appropriate top dressing tomato, not partial nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium must be combined. In general, the seedlings are applied after suspension of planting and promote the growth of stems and leaves. After the first fruit begins to expand, it is applied for the second time of dressing and promotes fruit enlargement. The medium and late-maturing varieties need to be top-dressed 3-4 times after harvesting the first and second ear fruits. The use of 1.5% superphosphate or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for foliar dressing during fruit growth is beneficial to fruit ripening and increased yield. After planting the seedlings, the cultivars should be protected by cultivators. The first inflorescence should be controlled during flowering to prevent flowering and fruit falling due to overgrowth of stems and leaves. After the first ear fruit, the plants need more water and should be timely irrigated. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season.
Second, tomato pest control
Tomato pests and diseases have different types at different stages of growth, and control should be adjusted accordingly.
(I) Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests at seedling stage
The seedling period of autumn sowing tomato is mostly about 45 days, and it is usually sowed before and after August 23, transplanted around October 9. The control subjects include: damping-off disease, late blight, blight, early blight, virus disease; greenhouse whitefly, rapeseed meal, red spider and other pests and diseases.
1, damping-off and late blight
The damping-off disease caused damage to the roots and stems of tomato seedlings. The seedlings of the late blight disease stems and leaves were heavier.
Both Dasheng M-45 and Penke are efficient, low-toxic, broad-spectrum, pollution-free imports of protective fungicides, and have significant efficacy against a variety of fungal diseases. When the two diseases occur early, use 80% of Dasheng M-45 or spray grams of WP 500 times and 25% of metalaxyl WP 800-1000 times as early as possible, or use 72.2% of Promethicone and 80% in time. B Phosphorus aluminum wettable powder 400-600 times liquid, spray alternately 5-7 days once, continuous control 2-3 times. Dasheng M-45 or spray grams mixed with another fungicide more effective.
2. Blight and early blight
Rhizoctonia caused damage to the roots and shoots of tomato seedlings. The latter caused damage to the stems and leaves of the seedlings. In the early stages of the two diseases, as early as possible, use 80% of Dasheng M-45 or spray WP and 50% carbendazim wet powder 1:1 to mix 500 times, or use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 - 600 times liquid, 14% solution of platinone 400-500 times, alternately spray once every 8-12 days, can even prevent 2-3 times.
3, virus disease
The disease will affect tomato seedlings severely. When the individual seedlings are infected, they should use 7.5% Keduling agent 500 times or 20% Virus A powder 400 times, or use 28% Virus Suspension and 5% Poison Clearance agent 400 times each time. Spray once every 7-10 days, at least 2 times.
4, dishes and whitefly
These two pests suck the seedling juice and can pass it on.
10% annihilation of EC is a new type of insecticide with contact toxicity and stomach toxicity, broad insecticidal spectrum, and fast knockdown. When 5ml of annihilate EC is added to 15kg of water, it is formulated as 3000 times of liquid, which is the first time in pests. Evenly spray treatment, can also be used 10% imidacloprid WP 3000-4000 times, every 8-10 days and annihilate EC once rotation, depending on the worm situation 2-3 times.
5, red spider
In the initial sight of the damaged leaves, early selection of 10% to quench the EC or 20% EC 2500 times, or spray with 73% EC 2500 times and 5% Nissorene 1500 times, interval 10-14 Days of uniform control, alternating use of 2-3 times. At the same time, it can effectively cure tea-yellowing.
(B) Prevention and treatment of adult plant diseases and pests
Autumn tomato growing season is mostly 240-260 days, generally transplanted on October 9 before and after the greenhouse. The control subjects include: early blight, late blight, gray mold, leaf mold, virus disease, rapeseed meal, greenhouse whitefly, leaf spotted fly, and vegetables such as pests.
1, late blight
Cloud patches are produced. Strict humidity control has a significant effect on disease prevention. Cobo is an efficient, low-toxic, pollution-free imported protective new bactericide that has a significant effect on a variety of fungal and bacterial diseases.
To master the early stage of the disease, early use of 78% Cobo WP 500-600 times or 80% of Dasheng M-45 WP 600 times or 80% EDP WP 500 times, 72.2 can also be sprayed % Kelu (frosin urea manganese zinc) 600 times or 58% metalaxyl Mn 800 WP wettable powder, the interval of 6-8 days evenly control, rotation 3-5 times.
2, early blight and virus disease
The control technology is the same as the seedling stage.
3, gray mold
In the three months before and after the Spring Festival, the onset of the disease.
When the disease first occurs, use 78% Cobo WP 600 times or 50% Doxue WP 800-1000 times. You can also choose 50% Skoda WP or 28% Gray Mold. Grams of WP 500-600 times, spaced 6-8 days evenly sprayed, alternately 3-4 times. Discharge 30% chlorothalonil smoke agent or 10% fast Ke Ling smoke agent, all use 500 grams/mu, cure a variety of fungal diseases, control effect is good.
4, leaf mold
Hygroscopic and breathable is good for preventing disease.
At the time of onset, 78% Cobo WP 500 times or 80% Dasheng M-45 WP 600 times or 50% SS WP 800-1000 can be used as early as possible. 75% can also be sprayed. Chlorothalonil WP 600-800 times or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, every 7-10 days to prevent and treat once, depending on the condition and treatment 2-3 times.
5, dishes and white powder
The control technology is the same as the seedling stage.
6. Liriomyza sativae
When the victim's leaf was first seen, it was sprayed in a timely manner with 21% of the killing emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid, and the rotation was controlled at intervals of 7-10 days. The spray was treated 2-3 times in a continuous manner. The addition of 0.1% alcohol in the dilution solution is more effective.
7, tea yellow tea
The control technology is the same as that of the red spider at the seedling stage.
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