Question: Recently, I received a lot of phone calls from friends of vegetable farmers in Zhangjiakou, and said that in recent years, in the cultivation of loose broccoli on the dams in Zhangjiakou, the phenomenon of abnormal flower bulbs often appeared. Ask how this happened and how to prevent it.
Wang Guiren: In response to this phenomenon, the author's years of cultivation experience and research are summarized as follows:
First, advance the ball
In the seedling stage, the vegetative growth has not yet achieved a full curd. Reasons for the occurrence: prematurely passing through the vernalization stage, generally spring sowing varieties are used in spring; or spring sowing is premature, and the vernalization is brought about by low-temperature factors; the temperature during seedling stage is too low and the autumn sowing is too late. Control measures: Timely sowing, strict mastery of seedling temperature.
Second, no flower ball
Only long stems, leaves, no kinks, the reasons are as follows: 1. Early autumn sowing varieties, high temperatures, seedlings have not been treated at low temperature, did not pass the vernalization stage, only long stems, leaves, not kinks; 2. During the vegetative growth phase, too much nitrogen fertilizer was applied and no seedlings were grown, resulting in excessive vegetative growth. Solution: Proper sowing, creating the conditions for the broccoli to pass through the vernalization stage, applying topdressing nitrogen fertilizer to the rosette leaf stage, and sowing seedlings, so that vegetative growth can be transferred to reproductive growth.
Third, small flower ball
When harvested, the ball is too small to meet the requirements of the goods. The main causes are as follows: 1. Impure seeds, spring-sown varieties mixed with autumn sowing varieties, autumn-sown late-maturing varieties mixed with a small amount of early-maturing varieties; 2. Chen, weak, diseased seeds, weak growth, stems and leaves are not Strong, earlier through the vernalization stage, malnutrition, the formation of small flower balls; 3. Fertilizer and water shortage, soil salinity, pest and disease hazards; 4. Improper sowing date, late sowing in autumn, the temperature is lower, the varieties in the seedling stage through vernalization Stage and form a small flower ball. Remedy: Use pure seeds with appropriate varieties and sowing dates, appropriate water and fertilizer, and fertile land.
Fourth, blue and white
Green bracts or sepals grow prominently on the surface of the flower ball, making the flower bulb green. Causes: During the expansion of the bulb, the sun shines directly on the surface of the flower bulb. The bulb first turns from white to yellow and then changes to blue. Prevention and control measures: the bulbous period leaves the leaves in time, or folds the old leaves to cover the flower bulbs and prevents direct sunlight.
Fifth, wool flower
Wool flowers are the top part of the squid of flower bulbs, and the style or filaments of flower organs are non-sequentially elongated. When the flower ball is approaching maturity, sudden cooling, warming or heavy fog is caused. Preventive measures: appropriate sowing, seedling age should not be too large when planting, generally 5 to 6 true leaves, 25 days or so, avoid weak seedlings and "little old seedlings." At the same time diligently cultivating loose soil to promote the slow seedlings. As early as fertilizer, to promote the main, in the bud stage and the expansion of the flower buds each applied a compound fertilizer to avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer. When water shortage occurs, timely watering is needed to keep the soil moist. Long-term high-temperature light or cold weather in a timely manner to pick leaves to cover the flower ball.
Sixth, purple flower
Purple flower is a flower that is near mature, suddenly encountered low temperature, glycosides are transformed into anthocyanins, the surface appears uneven red, purple. Causes: The main reason is that the flower bulbs are exposed to strong sunlight, or after the formation of flower bulbs, they are suddenly exposed to low temperatures. They are caused by the conversion of the components of the flower bulbs into anthocyanins, especially the early maturing varieties cultivated in the autumn. Prevention and control measures: 1. Select suitable and suitable varieties and sow them at an appropriate period so that the temperature during each growth period is appropriate. 2. When the flower bulb grows to 3 cm in diameter, gently bend the 1-2 pieces near the flower bulb to cover the flower bulb. 3. Wrap the leaves and bind a few leaves in the center of the plant with straw. 4. In case of low temperature in the flower bulb growth period, cover the ball to prevent freezing, then pick the old leaves of the base to cover the flower bulb.
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