The whole process of mechanization of potato production is based on mechanized planting and harvesting technology. It is equipped with mechanized deepening and soil preparation, plant protection, killing and residual film recycling technology to reduce the number of processes and improve production efficiency. It is suitable for potato field production in dry farming and irrigation areas in Gansu.
First, the whole process of mechanization technology of potato production
Mechanical deep pine tillage (including rotary tillage and fertilization) - mechanized planting (including seed potato selection and treatment, soil) - mechanized plant protection (including cultivating, weeding, spraying) - mechanized harvesting (including pre-sowing killing) - mechanized residual film Recycling.
Second, the main technical content
(1) Mechanized deep-slung land preparation technology: The post-crop crops are harvested in time after deep harvesting (cultivation), mites, rotary tillage, etc. The depth of deep pine is generally 25-40 cm. The working time of deep pine should be selected according to the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of local rainfall. More natural precipitation, once every 2 to 4 years. The main equipment is IGQN160, IGQN250, ISQ-240, ISQ-340, IS-200 and other deep loosening machines.
(2) Mechanized seeding technology: Mechanized planting technology is the key link in the whole process of mechanization of potato production. Choose the film planting or open field planting according to the needs. At present, the main pusher type of potato planting machine in our province is a single-row or double-row seeding machine matched with tractors, which can complete the operations such as ditching, sowing, fertilizing, ridge, filming and cracking at one time, and the operation quality meets the local agronomic techniques. Requirements, when rushing to farm, the efficiency is high. Main machine tools 2CMF-2, 2CM-1/2, 2BFM-2, 1220A, 1220 and other potato planters.
(III) Mechanized soil-based technology: Mechanized soil-based technology is a method of uniformly spraying 3-50 mm thick soil on the membrane surface after one week of potato sowing to solve the problem of misplacement of seeding points and seedlings during potato emergence, avoiding artificial placement. Miao, improve the efficiency of the work. The main machine 2TD-S2 potato machine.
(4) Mechanized plant protection technology: Mechanized plant protection technology is the use of sprayers for potato weed and pest control. According to the occurrence rules of local potato pests and weeds, according to plant protection requirements, the use of chemicals, dosage and mechanized high-efficiency plant protection technology operating procedures for prevention and control operations. The main equipment 3WX-200, 650, 1000 and 3WQ-3000 series products and other plant protection equipment.
(5) Mechanized killing technology: Before the potato is harvested, the potato mechanized snoring technology can be used to complete the cleaning work of the potato seedlings at one time, and the seedlings that have fallen in the ditch can also be smashed and crushed. Before the operation of the smashing machine, the snoring machine should be lifted to the height of the hammer 20-25 cm from the ground, and the power output shaft should be operated for 1-2 minutes. When the gear is closed, the hammer claws are forbidden during the operation. When the hammer is used, the height of the ground wheel or the length of the hanging rod on the tractor should be adjusted. The main machine is a 1JH-100 potato smashing machine.
(6) Mechanized harvesting technology: Mechanized harvesting technology is the key link in the whole process of mechanization of potato production. It can complete multiple operations such as excavation and lifting separation of potatoes at one time, and adopt large potato harvesting machinery in large plots in Hexi. Small vibrating potato harvesters should be used in other areas such as mountains and hills to improve harvesting efficiency and reduce potato damage rate. The main machine is a machine harvester such as Meinuo 1400, Zhongji Meinuo 1520, 4U-800 and 4JW-830.
(7) Mechanized residual film recycling technology: The potato waste film is removed in time after harvesting to prevent white pollution. The main machine is 1MFJS-125A and other waste film pickers.
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