Wheat is one of the three major food crops in China. Although it is a low-temperature-resistant crop, once the strength exceeds the critical range of wheat growth and development, it will cause freezing damage, especially the tillering period of wheat. If the remediation and defense measures are weak, It will cause serious production cuts, which is a huge blow to farmers’ friends. What is the cause of winter frost damage in wheat? What are the control measures?
First, what is the cause of wheat winter frost damage?
1. Wheat freeze damage caused by variety
Wheat varieties can be divided into four categories: winter varieties, semi-winter varieties, weak spring varieties, and spring varieties. Different varieties have great differences in fertility characteristics and frost resistance. In the growth rate before winter, the spring varieties grow faster than the winter varieties, and the tillers are more, and the later yields are relatively higher, but in the antifreeze performance, according to winter > half winter > weak spring > spring Decrease in turn.
2, sowing too early
Many farmers nowadays often make time for planting in advance in order not to delay work and earn money or in the case of unsuitable weather conditions. Wheat that is planted too early will proliferate before winter (pre-winter population > 900,000, main stem length) >18 cm belongs to Wang Miao). If it is not possible to carry out effective suppression and control in time before winter, there will be more tillers, large groups and even winter joints. These will cause weak wheat, cold resistance and disease resistance. Poor, in the winter when the temperature suddenly drops or continues to be low temperature, it is easy to suffer from freezing damage, but also prone to frequent disease, increased number of ineffective tillers, it is easy to cause post-production reduction. Sowing the premature wheat, in the environment of minus 10 degrees in winter, freezing damage will occur after 5-10 hours.
3, the amount of seeding is too large
There are still some farmers who still have the wrong consciousness of “the higher the yield of wheat in the later stage, the higher the yield.†Although it is planted at the best sowing date, excessive use of wheat seeds during sowing, the density is too large, leading to wheat winter. When the former group is too large and the wheat seedlings are crowded, the wheat seedlings will compete fiercely for each other with limited water, fertilizer, and light nutrients. The whole plant is yellow and thin, with less tillering, single dry seedlings, and single dysplasia. These are weak. The cold resistance of wheat seedlings is extremely poor, and it is very prone to stalk freezing damage during wintering.
Second, what are the winter wheat damage prevention measures?
1. Choose anti-freeze varieties, sow seeds in a timely manner, and cultivate strong seedlings.
2. Timely strokes to promote growth. When the soil is re-slurry, the topping is carried out, which can play the role of loosening soil, protecting the mites, warming and weeding, and enhancing the ability of the wheat seedlings to protect against cold. According to the experience of the past years, the average ground temperature in the 5 cm soil layer during the day can be increased by 0.5 to 1 °C after 7 to 10 days, which is beneficial to the promotion of root development and nutrient conversion.
3, early topdressing. Wheat fertilization in early spring can make up for winter soil fertility consumption, increase nutrient accumulation, promote the growth of wheat seedlings, and resist or reduce early spring frost damage, especially in the years when winter temperatures are high, wheat seedlings continue to grow, and soil fertility is high. Fertilization in early spring is especially important.
4, watering at the right time. According to the weather forecast, watering in advance before the arrival of the cold current is an effective method to prevent or mitigate the night frost damage. Watering can increase the humidity of the air near the plant, increase the dew point temperature, and easily cause the water vapor to condense and release latent heat. According to the experience of the past years, the effect of pouring water in the 5 days before the frost is the best; the watering in the 5 to 10 days before the frost will suffer from different degrees of freezing damage; there is almost no antifreeze effect when watering for more than 10 days before the frost. Wheat fields without watering conditions can be smoked and frosted in time when the cold current arrives, and there is also a certain antifreeze effect.
5, suppression and control, to ensure the steady growth of wheat. In the early spring, the wheat field can be crushed, and the cracks can be crushed to close the cracks, so that the wheat roots are in close contact with the soil, preventing cold air from invading and damaging the wheat seedlings. At the same time, the suppression also has a lifting effect, which can increase the water content of the soil surface layer, and is beneficial to alleviate the low temperature chilling damage.
3. Strengthen post management. In the period of wheat returning to the body, the use of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 50-60 grams per acre, evenly sprayed, can inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings and enhance cold resistance. At the same time, strengthen the prevention and control of diseases, insects and waterlogging in the middle and late stages of wheat fields, prevent premature aging, and capture the harvest. (soil flow network)
This article URL: Will this year's wheat freeze? What are the winter wheat damage prevention measures?
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