First, roughage
Refers to the post-harvest crop of Artemisia halodendron, grazing weeds, pastures, and cultivated pasture-grown hay. Roughage is characterized by low cost, wide resources, low nutritional value, and poor palatability.
Second, green feed
Refers to the fresh stems and leaves of plants such as pasture, weeds, leaves twigs, leaves and so on. Ruminants can use green feed better. Their nutritional characteristics are:
(i) high levels of carotene, VE, VC, VK, and B vitamins;
(2) The content of crude protein is relatively high, generally accounting for 10-20% of dry matter weight, and the amino acid composition is good, and the biological titer of protein is high;
(c) good palatability;
(d) High moisture content.
Third, silage
Silage is a feed made from controlled fermentation of green feed. Fresh barley fodder crops, grasses, weeds, post-harvest corn stover, various vines, melons, tubers, carrots, etc. can all be used as silage. Its nutritional characteristics are:
(1) Longer preservation time and less loss of nutrients;
(b) Good palatability, easy to digest and use.
Four, corn
Corn is the main body of cereals and it is also the most abundant energy feed in China. The crude fiber of corn is rare, and the energy is the highest among cereals, and the content of linoleic acid is high, but the protein content is low and the quality is not good. Must be used with protein feeds. In terms of quality, the moisture content of corn should be strictly controlled. Generally, it should be less than 14%, and mold, insects, etc. must be prevented.
Fifth, cake raw materials
(a) Soybean cake
Soybean cake is the most superior raw material among all kinds of cakes. It is commonly used in countries all over the world. Its protein content is between 40-45%, and the proportion of essential amino acids is also quite good. Especially lysine content is the highest among cakes. The palatability of the bean cake is good, and the feeding of beef cattle and dairy cows has a good production effect.
(B) Others
Cotton cakes and oysters: The use of cotton cakes and quail in cattle diets should be compatible with feeds containing less arginine.
Sesame cakes and quail cakes: They do not contain any adverse effects on various livestock and poultry. They are safe cakes and oysters. Their protein content is also high, up to 40%. However, their amino acids are imbalanced, especially lysine. Need to be used with other cakes and clams.
The feeding value of sunflower cakes and clams depends on the degree of shelling. The crude protein content of Chinese sunflower cakes and clams is generally between 28% and 32%. Its lysine content is insufficient and its methionine content is high.
Flax cakes and clams: Good palatability to cows, about 33-36% protein, and substances that improve coat and prevent constipation, and are good feed for cows and beef cattle.
Six, feed additives
There are many types of feed additives for cattle, such as vitamins, trace elements, probiotics, and isoprenic acids. It accounts for a small proportion of concentrate supplements, but it promotes the milk production of dairy cows, increases the weight gain and prevention of beef cattle. The disease in cattle is very important.
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