As the saying goes: "Spring inoculated Chen Xiacheng Artemisia, autumn harvested when the firewood." It shows that the seasonal harvest of Chinese herbal medicines is very strict. Therefore, timely and reasonable recovery of Chinese herbal medicines is the key to the quality of Chinese herbal medicines, the content of active ingredients, and the protection and expansion of medicinal resources. The timely and reasonable methods of harvesting various types of Chinese herbal medicines are introduced: 1. Harvesting of roots and roots and herbs. When plants are growing, they need to consume nutrients stored in the roots. Therefore, it is generally harvested in the dormant period of plants, that is, after falling leaves in autumn and winter to germination before early spring in the following year, it is the appropriate period for harvesting. Such as Codonopsis, Astragalus, Salvia, Campanulaceae, Dan, Digupi, white fresh skin, etc. At this time, the underground root and root bark is the most abundant, and the content of nutrients and active ingredients stored is the highest. However, there are a few medicinal materials, such as Angelica, Angelica, Chuanxiong, etc., which have lost their medicinal value in order to avoid flowering of bolting, hollowing or lignification, and should be harvested during the growth period. The harvesting period varies according to species and growth habits, such as Achyranthes bidentata, Isatis root, etc., which can then be excavated in the year of cultivation, while ginseng, American ginseng, and yellow lotus must be cultivated for 4 to 6 years before harvesting. Harvesting method: Choose sunny days or cloudy days after raining, and dig out with steamed bread or special tools when the soil is moist. Care should be taken to maintain the integrity of the root bark during the excavation to avoid damage and affect the quality of the herbs. Second, bark herbs harvested. It is usually harvested at the turn of spring and summer, vigorous plant growth, and the fastest sap flow. At this time, the juice in the bark is sufficient, the growth of the formation layer is the most active, the skin and the xylem are the most easily separated, the wound is also the most likely to heal, and the content of the active ingredient in the bark is the highest. Bark such as Eucommia ulmoides, honokiol, cork, cinnamon, etc. Harvesting methods: stripping or ring peeling three, root bark herbs harvested. Harvested with roots. The roots are first dug out of the soil and then beaten or kneaded to separate the flesh from the wood core. Such as soil peony, five plus, white fresh, Polygala etc. root skin. Fourth, the harvest of flowers and herbs. Seasonal picking of these herbs is strong and their requirements are stricter. Such as Magnolia, Coltsfoot, glutinous rice, etc. to pick open buds for medicinal purposes; honeysuckle, green plum, rose flowers, etc. to pick fresh flowers just open; and chrysanthemum, gardenia, safflower, saffron, etc. are collected in full bloom Flower or style for medicinal purposes. Collection method; selected sunny batchwise picking. Post-harvest must be placed in the basket, avoid extrusion, and pay attention to shade, to avoid discoloration of the sun. Fifth, the whole herb medicine harvested. Usually in the lush growth of branches and leaves, when the first flower harvest, such as Motherwort, Nepeta, Andrographis, lobelia, Hovenique and so on. However, some species, such as Perrin, Artemisia annua, etc., should be collected before flowering: Verbena oleracea, etc., should be harvested after flowering; others also need to collect tender seedlings, such as capillaris, Chunchaohu. Some years can be cut several times, such as mint, mandala and so on. A small number of roots should be digged and taken into medicine, such as Asarum, Viola diteri, and so on. Harvesting method: cut or dig. Sixth, the harvest of leafy herbs. Generally, the leaves of plants grow vigorously, and the leaves are dark green and the buds are harvested before they are opened, such as Daqingye, Perilla leaves, Artemisia leaves, Kidney tea and so on. Once a plant has blossomed, the nutrients stored in the leaf are transferred to the flowers and fruits, thereby reducing the quality of the herbs. However, a very small number of leafy herbs should be picked after frost in autumn, such as mulberry leaves, ginkgo leaf, etc.; Harvesting method: Picking, cutting or picking. VII. Harvest of fruits and herbs. Most fruit medicines are harvested when the fruit is safe and mature, such as mirrows, gardenia, coriander, pepper, and papaya. However, some species require the fruit to ripen and then pick up after the frost, such as red after the hawthorn autumn cream, Chuan Zizi cream when the yellow pick. However, a few species require that the fruit be harvested when it is immature, such as green skin, black vines, and citrus fruit. Medicinal materials with inconsistent fruit ripening periods, such as hawthorn and papaya, should be used early and with early harvest, with low meat yield; too late, meat floss, and poor quality. Juicy berries, such as scorpions and hawthorn, should not be squeezed and turned after picking. Harvesting method: Pick or cut. Fruits on the same fruit sequence are mature, such as Ligustrum lucidum, Schisandra chinensis, etc., and the entire inflorescence sequence can be cut, and the fruit can be picked up after a few days. Eight, the harvest of seed medicines. Most seed medicines should be harvested when the fruit is fully ripe and the grain is full, such as yamuzi, cassia seed, psoralen, sequel, and milk thistle. Some pods of seeds, if the fruit is completely mature, the pods crack, the seeds lost, difficult to collect, must be harvested earlier, such as impatient son, yamuzi, soybean meal and so on. The maturation period of seeds is inconsistent, and ripening herbs that fall off, such as psoralen, should be followed along with the harvest. Harvesting method: Take off after seeding or cutting. Dried fruits are usually taken out after drying. The pods are usually harvested after threshing. If the meat is also used for medicinal purposes, the peels can be peeled off first to leave seeds or fruit cores, such as yam and others, such as stone fruits. Fruit can not be used for medicinal purposes, can be stacked fermented or cooked to the flesh, crush the seed shell and remove the seed, such as Yu Li Ren, bitter almonds, Suanzaoren and so on.
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