Sweet peppers are very popular in the vegetable market because of their unique appearance and flavor. However, farmers have recently responded. The sweet peppers are poor in color, small in size, poor in selling, and low in yield. What is the reason? Want to grow What should I do with high-yield and high-quality sweet peppers?
First, prevent falling flowers and fruits
During the flowering period, sweet peppers often encounter cold and snowy weather, which leads to serious sheds and fruit drop, which affects yield and income.
1, reduce the humidity inside the shed
Insect pollination of sweet peppers has strict requirements on humidity during flowering pollination. In the case of low temperature, the humidity in the shed is too large, which may lead to poor pollen development of the sweet pepper, reduced activity, and failure to complete pollination. Around noon, depending on the weather, it can be cooled and dehumidified, and the humidity in the shed can be reduced as much as possible.
2, improve lighting conditions
Increasing the temperature When encountering snow and cold weather, you can add a fill light in the shed, and at the same time, hang the reflective screen on the back wall to increase the light in the shed. Clean the shed film to improve the transparency of the shed film. Strengthen the management of pruning and snoring, remove excess leaves to reduce nutrient consumption and increase fruit set rate.
3. Spraying micro-fertilizers and plant conditioners
Boron is one of the essential elements for flower bud differentiation of sweet pepper. Boron deficiency can easily lead to dysplasia of flower buds. Spraying boron-containing liquid fertilizer before flowering can supplement nutrients and reduce fruit drop. Spraying 30~40 mg/kg naphthalene acetic acid solution can also play a good role in flower preservation and fruit preservation.
Second, the fertilization method
1, base fertilizer
Sweet peppers grow in an environment where the climate is warm and humid and the soil is fertile and loose. It has the characteristics that the main root is underdeveloped, the root system is shallow, and the aerobic mildness requires a large amount of fertilizer. Therefore, the application rate of base fertilizer is very important for high-yield cultivation of sweet pepper. The amount of high-quality organic fertilizer should be 5000-7000 kg. The base fertilizer can be used for animal manure and soil fertilizer, but it should be fully decomposed, preferably with Jinbao starter, and attention should be paid to the application of phosphorus and potassium.
The superphosphate is blended into organic fertilizer at 35-50 kg per acre, and may be mixed with potassium sulfate 35-30 kg. The application method of the base fertilizer is as follows: 60% base fertilizer is applied before the preparation of the ground, and the ditch is grooved according to the row spacing at the time of planting, and the remaining 40% is applied. The combination of application and ditch application can avoid the phenomenon of burning seedlings due to concentrated fertilizer, which is conducive to the development of seedlings.
2. Fertilizer characteristics of sweet pepper
The growth period of sweet pepper is long, the root system is underdeveloped, the root amount is small, the soil is shallow, and it is not resistant to drought or tolerance. It requires more fertilizer than tomato and eggplant, and is highly resistant to fertilizer. The fertilizer requirement of sweet pepper is the highest potassium absorption, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Sweet pepper is a high-nitrogen, medium-high potassium type in vegetables, and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Therefore, in the production, we must pay attention to the adequate supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, in order to increase the leaf area and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves.
3, biological fertilizer
The application of biological bacterial fertilizer not only contains a large number of nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving active bacteria, but also contains organic matter, humic acid and trace elements. In the fertilizer season, any fertilizer can be used in combination with other fertilizers, which not only can save fertilizer use, but also solve soil compaction and increase soil microbial content.
4, seedling fertilizer
Choose vegetable garden soil with high organic matter content and good agglomerate structure. Apply 150-200 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 3,000 square meters of seedbed, 2-3 kg of superphosphate, and mix well with bed soil. If the seedling grows slowly, the leaves are narrow, the stem is weak, and the leaves are yellow, it can be applied 15 kg before the planting, with 1.0 kg of ammonium sulfate or NPK compound fertilizer, or 2-3 foliar sprays. 0.5% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
5, top dressing
Generally, 3 times of topdressing is required. The first top dressing is carried out after slow seedlings, ditching and topdressing near the plants, applying high-quality organic fertilizer to the ditch, and then covering the soil. At this time, the watering is properly controlled so as to promote seedlings and promote root development; the second top dressing is in the fruit. During the period of harvesting, the second layer of fruit (for pepper) and the third layer of fruit (four-door bucket) continue to expand and the fourth layer of fruit is being used for flowering and fruiting before harvesting. The peak period. At this time, nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer should be applied, urea 10-13 kg or ammonium sulfate 23-28 kg, potassium sulfate 12-15 kg; the third top dressing should be carried out in the middle and late harvest, chasing every 8-10 days Apply 1 human excrement (or livestock manure), or an appropriate amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, the amount should be determined according to the growth of the plant at the time, and pay attention to the combination with irrigation.
The above is the high-efficiency cultivation technology of sweet pepper, which can prevent falling flowers and fruit, improve the yield of sweet peppers, and hope to help farmers who grow sweet peppers.
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