Jishu 26 is a new sweet potato variety selected by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences for high quality, high yield, disease resistance (high resistance to root rot, vine disease, resistance to stem nematode and black spot) and wide adaptability. The yield of 26 mu of sweet potato is more than 3,500 kg. Let's introduce the technology of planting 26 potato.
The new sweet potato variety Jishu 26 is especially suitable for planting in the hills and plains of Shandong and Huanghuai.
1 Variety characteristics
Jishu 26 has the characteristics of high quality, high yield, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability. The potato-shaped long-spinning hammer and the sweet potato are neatly concentrated, and the commercial potato rate is high, which is suitable for mechanical harvesting. The introduction performance of Kaifeng sandy area is drought-tolerant and resistant to thinness, and the potato is neat, concentrated and commodity.
2 Large-scale high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology model
2.1 Technical route Large-scale, high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation must create high-yield basic conditions, land scale contiguous, good irrigation conditions; land rotation for more than 3 years; intensive modern agricultural machinery, new facilities, new technologies, and implementation of labor saving in major production links The supporting measures such as water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving and land saving make the field operation and technical operation light and simplified, and achieve the goal of increasing production and increasing efficiency.
2.2 Technical model Detoxification seed potato + added organic fertilizer + deep tillage + ridge + drip irrigation with supporting fertilization irrigation + covering black mulch + drug insertion + chemical control weed + mechanical harvest.
3 cultivating strong seedlings
3.1 Seed Potatoes and Seedling Raising Methods High-yield cultivation requires the purchase of virus-free seed potatoes, the establishment of greenhouse breeding bases, the cultivation of strong seedlings, and the cultivation of early maturity. The greenhouses, small arch sheds and mulch were used to cover the seedlings. The Yudong area was planted in early March, the first seedlings were planted in the middle and late April, and the second seedlings were planted in May.
3.2 Strong seedlings The leaves are dark green and the leaves are 6-8 pieces. The leaves are large and thick, the top leaves are flush, the stems are short and thick, the stem length is 20~25cm, the stem is about 5mm thick, and the seedlings are more than 500g.
3.3 Selection of nursery sites and bed soil preparation In the southern part of the leeward sunny village or in the garden, and the plots of sweet potato have not been planted for more than 3 years, the groundwater level is low; the garden where the sweet potato seedlings are kept in perennial, the seedbed should be replaced with 20cm thick soil layer. In order to prevent soil-borne diseases and underground pests.
3.4 Use seed amount and seedbed area To cultivate large seedlings and strong seedlings, it is necessary to dilute large potato chunks in the thinning, more than 200g potato chips, about 60kg of seed potatoes per 667m2, 4~5m2 of seedbeds, and 1.2m wide. Each 667m2 greenhouse can be cultivated in 10hm2 field, and the nursery area is planned according to the production area.
3.5 Seed potato selection, processing, and potato removal Select the disease-free, healthy medium and large potato pieces for seed potato, and the seed potatoes are classified and distributed. Before decanting, use 50% carbendazim WP 500-600 times to soak seeds for 10 minutes, and dry them to remove potatoes. Before the potato is discharged, the large, medium and small arch sheds are sealed for 3 to 5 days, and the mattress is first covered with the mulch to increase the temperature of the seedbed. The seedbed is warmed with water. It is best to build a solar water pool in the shed. The 1m2 seedbed needs to be warm water of about 100kg. Using the method of flat-discharging potato, the direction of the potato head is consistent and neat, the potato pieces are facing upwards, the top surface of the potato is flat, and the spacing of the seed potatoes in each row is about 3 cm. After the potato is finished, fill it with nutrient soil to the top of the potato, then pour the bed to cover the 3cm thick camp.
Raise the soil, cover the surface with 1 layer of 1cm thick wheat straw or straw, and finally cover the mulch.
3.6 Seedbed management The bed temperature before the emergence of seedlings is maintained at around 30 °C, and the temperature is maintained at 35-37 °C. Closed large, medium and small arch sheds, to cover the grass sheds, to uncover the light and warm up early, at 16:00 in the morning to cover the insulation. When 60% of the potato seedlings are topped, the mulch film is removed in the morning to prevent high temperature burning at noon. From the top soil to the seedling stage, the maximum temperature at noon is controlled at 32-35 °C, and the ground temperature is about 25 °C. The maximum temperature at noon after Qimiao is controlled at 30-32 °C, the ground temperature is 20-25 °C, and the potato shoots from late March to early April. At 18 to 20 cm, the seedlings will be started, and the ventilation will be gradually increased. The shed film can be removed around April 10 to adapt to the field environment.
4 Farming and planting techniques
4.1 Deep tillage, increase the application of spring potato cultivation in the winter freeland in the organic fertilizer sand area, can be deeply ploughed once in the first ten days of the previous year, and ploughed 25cm to freeze most of the soil pests while storing snow water; April 10-15 After pouring water on the bottom of the foot, apply sesame-fertilized high-quality ring fertilizer 3~5m3 per 667m2, sweet potato special fertilizer or potassium sulfate type slow-release fertilizer (15-10-20) 50kg, and rotate tillage 1~2 times.
Before the summer potato planting, the front hoe is the plot of onion, garlic and rapeseed crops. The branches should be cleaned up; the wheat stalks are crushed with smashing stalks and roots, and the bottom stalks are made, the bottom fertilizer is applied as above, and the deep ploughing is 30cm. The broken straw is turned into the lower layer, and then the ridge is rotated.
4.2 Mechanical ridges covered with black mulch 1 ridge 1 row planting, ridge distance 80cm, ridge height 25cm. Use a ridge-lifting machine with a roller compactor to compact the ridge surface during ridges.
4.3 Pest Control One is the application of the drug acupoints, using 10% Fuqi multi-granules 1kg or 30% chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension 1kg and other fine soil 20~25kg per 667m2; secondly, taking the seedlings dipping mud method, select 30% three 1kg or 60% imidacloprid suspension coating agent (high-tech) 50mL, etc., diluted with a small amount of water, mixed into the clay mud 40 ~ 50L, dipped in seedlings 10cm.
4.4 Planting Density and Planting The early spring ripening density is 4000-4500 plants/667m2; late ripening cultivation is 4500-5000 plants/667m2. After mulching and mulching, it is planted after 2 to 3 days of warming. The L-shaped planting method was adopted, and a planting ditch of 3 to 5 cm width was dug with a melon shovel on the mulch, and the lower part of the seedling stem was horizontally planted with leaves, planted to a depth of 5 to 6 cm, and three pieces of leaves were left in the ground. For high-yield cultivation, first-grade potato seedlings should be selected, and weak seedlings should be picked out when planting. After planting, flatten the ridge surface and lay the drip irrigation belt.
5 Field management
5.1 Checking the seedlings and planting 5~7d, pay attention to the seedlings and planting, and replace the weak seedlings, dead seedlings and seedlings in the evening; spray the herbicide on the open part of the furrow, use 72% metolachlor EC 100~150mL , 40 to 50kg of water.
5.2 Water and fertilizer management After drip irrigation, the seedlings are promoted, and the water is infiltrated into the bottom of the ridge by 25 cm. Before the ridge is closed, the surface of the ridge is dry and wet; the Kaifeng sand area is in the dry season in June, and the sweet potato is generally 7-10d. Drip 1 time. Early maturing cultivation can be carried out 80~90d after planting, water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation 1~2 times, humic acid liquid fertilizer (containing trace elements in chelating state) 5~10kg + drip irrigation with potassium sulfate type (high) Potassium and nitrogen) compound fertilizer 20 ~ 30kg; late ripening cultivation can be 100d after planting, water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation 2 to 3 times, the amount of fertilizer application is the same as above, 10 to 15d before harvest to stop drip irrigation.
5.3 Stem vine management 50~60d after planting, when the growth is too strong, it should be chemically controlled in advance, not turning over; 2~3 times of segmentation control, 5% uniconazole wettable powder 20~25g per 667m2 40 to 50kg spray. When the rain is large or the ground force is sufficient, the number of sprays and the dose should be increased.
5.4 Chemical weeding grass weeds 2 to 3 leaf stage, use 10% quinoline emulsifiable concentrate 40~60mL per 667m2 40~50kg water, spray stems and leaves; control furrow and broadleaf weeds, in the early growth stage, choose none In the evening of the wind, directional sprays are diluted with a herbicide.
6 timely harvest
Scale production can be flexibly harvested according to market prices and growth periods. After 120 days of potato planting, more than 200g of potato chips can be harvested; in late autumn and summer, fresh potatoes are harvested in the eastern part of Henan Province, usually harvested in mid-October. In order to prevent the touch of potato skin during the process of collecting and transporting, it should be lightly handled, lightly handled, lightly loaded, lightly transported, and lightly unloaded.
The quality of the sweet potato 26 is good, the skin is red and yellow, and the ready-to-eat flavor is excellent, suitable for baking and cooking. The potato-shaped long-spinning and sweet potato are neatly concentrated, and the commodity rate is as high as 95%. The planting efficiency is high and the planting prospect is broad.
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