Fertilization is very important and important in the process of planting rice. Appropriate fertilization can increase rice yield. A small amount of fertilization or excessive fertilization can cause malnutrition or fertilizer damage. How to fertilize rice? How to apply rice "three control" Fertilization technology, the main content of "three control" includes fertilizer control, seedling control, pest control, then how to operate? Let's take a look!
First, suitable areas
Each rice producing area.
Second, the "three control" fertilization technology advantage
1. High production and stable production, increase production and increase income. Generally, the yield is increased by 5% to 8%, the lodging is greatly reduced, the resistance is strong, and the stability is good. The income per acre is reduced by 100 to 200 yuan.
2, saving fertilizer and medicine, safety and environmental protection. Save 10% to 20% of nitrogen fertilizer, increase nitrogen utilization rate by more than 5 percentage points, reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizers, and reduce the main pests and diseases such as sheath blight, rice planthopper and rice leaf roller, and reduce pesticides 1~3. Times.
3. Simple operation and wide adaptability. Farmers can achieve stable yield and income increase according to technical regulations. They can be applied under different varieties, different soils and climatic conditions, and the effect is stable.
Third, "three control" fertilization technology points
(1) Selecting good varieties to cultivate strong growth.
1. Choose good varieties and ensure the amount of seeds used. High-yield and high-quality varieties with good plant type, good permeability and strong disease resistance are selected. The hybrid rice is 1.25-1.5 kg per mu, and the conventional rice is 2.25-2.5 kg per mu.
2. Sowing at the right time. The early rice in the rice-growing area of ​​southern Guangxi is in late March and the late rice is planted in July 5th to 15th; the early rice in Guizhong rice-growing area is in mid-March, and the late rice is planted in early July, and no later than July 10; In the rice-growing area of ​​northern Guangxi, the early rice is planted from the end of March to the beginning of the second half of the year, and late rice is planted from the end of late June to the beginning of July, and no later than July 5. Seeding, seed selection, seed treatment, and soaking seeds for germination.
3. Dilute and broadcast. Shuiyu 秧 according to Putian: Honda = 1:10 for the paddy field, throwing æ¯ æ¯ per field of Honda with 434 holes 50 50 or 353 holes 60 60. Dilute the sowing and sowing. After sowing, the grain will be covered and the film will be kept warm after sowing.
4, Putian fertilization. Each acre of ternary compound fertilizer (containing more than 15% nitrogen) 25 kg as base fertilizer, 2 leaves 1 heart period, 3 kg of urea per acre and 3 kg of potassium chloride for weaning fertilizer, 3 to 4 days before transplanting per mu Apply 5 to 10 kg of urea for feeding fertilizer.
(2) Reasonable close planting and insertion of basic seedlings
1. Age-appropriate transplanting. The early rice is 20 to 30 days old, and the late rice is 15 to 20 days old. Depending on the way of breeding, manual insertion, throwing, and machine cutting can be used.
2, reasonable close planting, insert the basic seedlings. Planting specifications 6×5 inch or 6×6 inch, or throwing 50 plates (434 holes) or 60 plates (353 holes), planting or planting 1, 7~2, 0,000 holes per acre The hybrid rice has 2 to 3 seedlings per hole. The basic number of seedlings per mu reaches 4 to 50,000 seedlings, and the conventional rice has 3 to 4 seedlings per hole. The basic number of seedlings per acre reaches 6 to 80,000 seedlings. Where conditions permit, it is recommended to use wide-row narrow strain or wide-narrow row planting to improve group permeability.
(3) Optimizing fertilization
1. Determine the total nitrogen application rate
The total nitrogen application rate is determined based on the difference between the target yield and the ground yield (ie, the yield of the blank area where no nitrogen is applied). Based on the ground output, each 100 kg of rice is applied for about 5 kg of pure nitrogen. The target yield is determined according to the variety, soil, climatic conditions and cultivation management level, and generally does not exceed 80% to 90% of the local high-yield record. Ground productivity can be determined through field trials and can also be estimated through surveys.
For example, if the output per mu is 300 kilograms and the target output per acre is 500 kilograms, the increase in yield based on the ground output is 500-300 = 200 kilograms, and the total nitrogen application is 200/100 x 5 = 10 kilograms.
In the winter planting of Chinese milk vetch, each kilogram of purple kilograms can reduce the application of urea by 5 kilograms. When applying farmyard manure or planting potatoes or vegetables in winter, early rice should be less fertilized as appropriate.
2. Nitrogen application rate in different periods
After the total nitrogen application rate is determined, the nitrogen application rate can be determined according to the base fertilizer accounted for about 40%, the tiller fertilizer accounted for about 20%, the panicle fertilizer accounted for about 30%, and the grain fertilizer accounted for 5% to 10%.
Before the top dressing, the nitrogen application rate should be appropriately adjusted according to the leaf color, and the leaf color depth should be appropriately applied less, and the leaf color should be appropriately applied. For the varieties with strong tillering power, the amount of base fertilizer applied should be appropriately reduced, otherwise it should be increased appropriately.
The application time of tillering fertilizer is usually 15 to 17 days after transplanting, and late rice is generally 12 to 15 days after transplanting. For soils with poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, or planting density and basic seedlings that are not required, 5 to 5 kg of urea should be added 5 to 7 days after transplanting.
The application time of panicle fertilizer is the early stage of panicle differentiation or the early stage of jointing. The early rice is usually 35 to 40 days after transplanting, and the late rice is usually 30 to 35 days after transplanting.
If the heading period of the variety is known, the ear fertilizer is applied 25 to 27 days before heading. It is also possible to directly check the differentiation process of the young panicles of rice, when the main ear enters the secondary branch and the stage of the floret differentiation, and the meat is applied when the bristles are just seen.
If you are not sure about the application time, you should master the principle of “Ningchi is not earlyâ€, preferring to apply it later, not too early, so as not to increase the risk of lodging.
3. Application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
The application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be determined according to the target yield and the ground output.
On the basis of the ground output, for every 100 kg of rice produced, it is necessary to increase the application of phosphate fertilizer (in terms of P2O5) by 2 to 3 kg and the application of potassium fertilizer (in terms of K2O) by 4 to 5 kg.
In the case of lack of geotechnical yield data, the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can also be determined according to the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O=1:0, 2～0, 4:0, and 8～1.
If there is straw returning to the field, the potash fertilizer can be appropriately reduced (for example, if the early rice straw is returned to the field, the potash fertilizer of the late rice can be halved).
Phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, half of the potash fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer or tiller fertilizer, and the other half is applied as panicle fertilizer.
Now the whole rice growth period is 120-135 days, the late rice growth period is 105-120 days, the target yield per mu is 450-500 kg, and the ground output is 250-300 kg. The technical specifications for fertilization are as follows: Before transplanting, apply 20-25 kg of ammonium carbonate or 8-10 kg of urea per acre, and 15 to 25 kg of superphosphate.
Late application of fat: The "late application" mentioned here is relative to traditional technology, not the sooner the better.
15 to 17 days after transplanting early rice, 4-6 kg of urea per acre, 4-6 kg of potassium chloride; 12-15 days after transplanting of late rice, 5-7 kg of urea per acre, 5-6 kg of potassium chloride.
Heavy application of panicle fertilizer: 35 to 40 days after transplanting of early rice, 30 to 35 days after transplanting of late rice, 6-8 kg of urea per acre, and 5 to 6 kg of potassium chloride.
Look at the seedlings to apply grain fertilizer: break the heading period, if the leaf color is light and the weather is good, apply 2~3 kg of urea per acre, the leaf color is green or the weather is not good.
Early rice is generally not applied. If compound fertilizer is used, the amount of fertilizer applied in each period is converted based on nitrogen fertilizer, and the remaining part is supplemented with elemental fertilizer.
(4) Scientific management of water
Water management implements water and gas balance cultivation. That is to say, in addition to moisture sensitive seedling differentiation stage, heading and flowering stage, and shallow fertilization when applying fertilizer, and the number of acres of seedlings reached 150,000, the exposed fields were controlled by water-free layer or wet irrigation. Keep the water in the ditch, the water is not above, the surface of the car is moist, promote root growth and enhance root activity. The dry and wet alternates in the late growth stage, coordinating the roots' demand for water and gas until maturity. Note that the medium-term sun-dried field should not be too heavy, and the water should not be cut too early in the later period to ensure that the grain is full and full.
(5) Prevention and control of pests and diseases
In order to prevent pests and diseases, timely control of pests and diseases according to pests and diseases. During the Putian period, attention should be paid to the control of rice planthoppers, spider mites, rice locusts, rice blasts, etc., and the grafting drugs were sprayed about 3 days before transplanting. After transplanting, pay attention to the prevention and control of rice blast, sheath blight, rice planthopper, rice stem borer and rice leaf roller, and control the sheath blight for 40 to 50 days after transplanting. Prevention of rice blast, sheath blight, rice leaf roller, etc. at the heading stage, pay attention to the prevention and control of rice planthoppers. Rice pests and diseases using “three-control†fertilization techniques are generally less, and application can be reduced as appropriate.
After adopting “three-control†fertilization technology, rice can reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, increase rice yield and increase farmers' planting benefits!
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