With the improvement of the people's living standards and the adjustment of the planting structure, improving the quality of wheat has become the subject of wheat production. Wheat quality is affected by many factors such as variety, environment, ecology and cultivation measures. There are many ways to improve wheat quality. In addition to selecting high-quality varieties, wheat quality can be significantly improved through some cultivation measures. The key technologies are as follows. 1 Reasonable management of nitrogen fertilizer Nitrogen is required for the growth and development of wheat and grain formation. The effect of nitrogen application on the grain quality of wheat is very obvious. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should depend on soil fertility, variety and other cultivation conditions. Under normal high-yield conditions, the total nitrogen application rate per hectare is 225-270 kg pure nitrogen, and the ratio of base fertilizer and top dressing is 6:4 or 5:5, and the top dressing should be applied in the overwintering, jointing and booting stages. Period ratio l:l:1, in particular, jointing and booting should be guaranteed. In addition to nitrogen applied to the soil, nitrogen can also be sprayed on the leaves, and the fertilizer is preferably urea. During the spraying period, most of the kernels are applied to the end of milk production. The concentration and amount of spray should not be too high. It is advisable to not burn the leaves. The concentration is generally 2% -10%, the amount of spray nitrogen 37.5 ~ 75Kg per hectare. 2 Appropriate application of potash fertilizer has proved that applying potassium fertilizer in potassium-deficient wheat fields has good yield increasing effect. Because potassium is closely related to the metabolism of nitrogen, potassium can promote protein synthesis and increase protein content, so nitrogen and phosphorus are needed. Supplying potash fertilizer when sufficient supply is beneficial to both grain yield and quality. According to the research, when the active ingredient of 45-90 kg of potassium nitrate is applied per hectare, the yield is the most stable; when 60-105 kg of active ingredient is applied, it is stable and the protein content is high. For the application period, with the increase of grain protein content of the postponed application period, the best period was flowering stage. Appropriate potassium fertilizer can improve wheat quality, but it must have sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus supply to show good results. 3 In addition to the three elements of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, the nutrient elements of the correct application of trace fertilizer wheat are small, but have a greater impact on wheat yield and quality. Boron is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Applying an appropriate amount of boron fertilizer in an effective boron-deficient soil can effectively increase the protein content and amino acid content of wheat grain, thereby improving the nutritional quality of wheat. Zinc is a component of many enzymes, and it is also an activator of certain enzymes. It participates in many metabolic activities in plants. Deficiency of zinc causes the growth of wheat plants to be impeded, yields decline, and quality deteriorates. Manganese is the activator of nitrate reduction. The lack of manganese in plants will affect the use of nitrate. In the absence of manganese in the soil, proper application of manganese also has the effect of improving the quality of wheat. The three kinds of elements are best sprayed at the booting stage. Boron spray can be used 0.1% boric acid solution, spray manganese can be 0.1% manganese sulfate solution, spray zinc can be 0.04% zinc chloride or 0.2% zinc sulfate solution. 4 Adequate supply of organic fertilizer Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer, rich in organic matter and various nutrient elements. Generally increasing organic fertilizer can increase grain protein content. Under different fertility conditions, increasing the yield of different organic fertilizers can increase yield, but the effect of improving yield and quality is not the same, and the effect is better when the fertility is poor. In a certain range, the yield and quality follow the increase in the amount of fertilizer. Improve, but from the principle of economic fertilization, we should choose the best fertilization amount according to local conditions. 5 The timely and appropriate irrigation generally considers that water is insufficient during the growing period of wheat and the yield is reduced, while the grain protein content increases, but the final protein yield is not high; under sufficient water conditions, the yield can be greatly increased, but the protein content does not increase. Or have dropped. Therefore, the number of irrigations and the amount of irrigation should be based on meteorological conditions. In the year of deficit, increasing the number of irrigation and the total amount of irrigation can increase the yield and quality, and adequate irrigation in the flood season can also increase the grain protein content but excessive irrigation. It is unfavorable to the quality. The number of irrigation should be pre-winter, up, jointing, and grouting. The total amount is 2250-3000m3 per hectare. 6 Chemical regulation using chemical regulation can regulate and control the growth and development of wheat, so that its yield and quality change. Paclobutrazol (PP333), which is widely used in wheat, can promote dwarfing of wheat plants, effectively inhibit vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, and have a good effect on improving wheat quality. Especially when the nitrogen application level is low, paclobutrazol can be used. Increase protein content dramatically. Spraying multi-effects in the early and middle stages of wheat growth has a positive effect on improving yield and quality. The best effect is from two-leaf to four-leaf spraying. North winter wheat is suitable for spraying in the winter and spraying concentration 200-400uI/L is appropriate. China Agricultural Network Editor
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