1. Wipe buds and set a little
Generally speaking, the fruiting tree begins to sprout in spring. The first year of fruiting should be based on tree cultivation and tree shape. The yield should be determined according to the tree's vigor, and there should be no as many knots as possible. This will ensure that the tree is strong and yields every year. , Stable yield, high quality and bumper harvest.
(Note: The reserved branches should not be tied flat, and the spare branches must be cut off when the fruit is thinned and the whole ear is bagged).
2. Summer pruning
Summer pruning is the basic guarantee that determines the stable, high yield, high quality, and bumper harvest of the current year and the next year. The pruning should be scientific, diligent and timely. The hybrid summer shears between Eurasian species and European and American species are different. The fruiting branches of Nanyu are topped at 7 to 8 leaves above the first flower panicle, and 3 to 4 leaves at the top and vice versa are repeatedly topped no longer. The auxiliaries that grow after the first to third toppings will not be topped temporarily. If the density of the branches is not good and the light transmission will affect the growth of the flower spikes, one leaf can be left for topping at the auxiliaries below the flower spike.
3. Pruning of vegetative branches
When the vegetative branch retained at the base grows to 10-12 leaves, it has a big top and the tree is vigorous. The apex is slightly extended by about 6 leaves for topping, and the top apex of the mean leaves 3 to 4 leaves to top repeatedly, and the vegetative branch 1~ After topping twice, the grown vices are left with 4 leaves for topping. Such vegetative branches are the fruiting branches of the coming year.
4. The grapes are ripe and pruned
When the grapes are about to mature and color, the fruit needs good light. As a result, 4 to 5 leaves are left for toppings on the branches that are not topped temporarily. If necessary, you can remove the shaded leaves around the ears, which is conducive to the coloring of the fruit.
2. Fertilizer and water management of fruiting trees
1. Base fertilizer made from compost
Base fertilizer*** Use farm manure such as chicken, pig, cow, etc. mixed with organic matter such as chaff, sawdust, broken straw, etc. Each acre requires 1000 kg of dry chicken manure, 2000 to 4000 kg of wet, plus organic matter such as chaff 2000 Kg, 100 kg of rapeseed meal, 50 kg of superphosphate. After stirring evenly, cover with plastic film to seal and pile for 6 months. It can be used if it is fermented with biological bacteria for 15 to 30 days.
2. Apply basal fertilizer
Generally, fertilization is applied 2 to 3 months after the grapes are harvested. Shallow trenches are made on both sides of the fruit trees, and the fertilizer required per acre is fully and evenly applied, and then 50 kg of superphosphate, 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 2.5 kg of borax are applied. 40 kg of special fertilizer for grapes, then cover with soil. If the tree is strong, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately reduced (note: when you open the furrow a little farther away from the roots, do not damage the main root, the location of the base fertilizer should be changed every year, the Nanyu grows strong, and less nitrogen fertilizer).
3. Water Management
As a result, the tree should be irrigated once at the budding stage to promote neat budding, and the young fruit can be swollen. It can be irrigated many times to maintain the humidity in the soil, which is conducive to the rapid swelling of the young fruit. The humidity in the young fruit stage is above 60%. In the coloring period, the water should be properly controlled, especially when the fruit is mature, the water should be strictly controlled, and the ground surface should be kept dry, which is conducive to improving the quality, not easy to rotten fruit, and reducing fruit cracking. If the drought is too long, you can fill it with water for a proper time. Note: Irrigation is not allowed during the flowering period and a few days before the harvest period.
4. Top dressing management
After applying sufficient base fertilizer, in the early growth period, before and after germination, a little nitrogen-containing fertilizer can be applied to the weakly growing trees. From the hard-core period to the coloring period, apply 40 kg of special biological compound fertilizer, and add some calcium fertilizer to improve the hardness of the fruit. Nanyu grape grows vigorously, so it is necessary to properly control the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer amount, and control the vigor of the tree to achieve a balanced growth is one of the key technologies for growing "Nanyu grape". (Note: After topdressing, water must be irrigated. Fertilizer is spread by water and is absorbed by the roots)
5. Spray foliar fertilizer
Results Foliar fertilizer should be sprayed during the growth period of the tree. From the early growth stage to the young fruit swelling stage, 0.2% urea and nitrogen-containing commercial foliar fertilizer can be added when spraying; 0.2% diphosphate can be added when spraying from the hard-core period to the coloring period. Potassium hydrogen or commercial foliar fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium can be sprayed with 0.2% grain vinegar once each in the young fruit stage and the coloring stage to better improve the quality. Spraying foliar fertilizer is generally once every 20 days to make the leaves thicker and increase the photosynthesis of the leaves. (Note: During the growth of grapes, when topdressing and spraying topdressing, the amount should not be too thick. It cannot be sprayed at high temperature like pesticides to avoid high temperature and heavy fertilizer damage to roots and leaves. Fertilization and irrigation are strictly prohibited during the physiological period of flowering. The florescence medicine can only be applied after 4 pm).
3. Thinning flowers and fruits, whole ears
The work of thinning flowers and fruits and whole ears is very important, and it is the guarantee for improving the quality and price of commercial fruits. Nanyu grape has a very high fruit setting rate and large flower ears, so it must be produced in a standardized way.
1. Thinning
When the flower spikes are fully expanded, that is, about 7 days before flowering, the flowers can be thinned. First remove the accessory spikes and pick the spike tips. If the flower spikes are large, you can remove the upper 1 to 4 spikelets and spike tips, and if the flower spikes are compact, you can just remove the accessory spikes and small spike tips.
2. Thinning fruit and whole ear
After flowering and fruit setting, when the fruit is the size of a peanut, the fruit can be thinned. It is necessary to cut off parthenocarpy, odd-shaped fruit and too many and dense fruit kernels. Generally, there are 80~120 fruit per ear, and the ear weight is 600~ 900 grams is better, which can ensure that the table size is large and even. When thinning the fruit, it is necessary to completely remove all the sundries such as the corolla tendril on the fruit ear.
"Nanyu grape" is a loose ear shape, the ears should not be too tight, but a medium-tight shape is also acceptable. The ears are preferably conical and cylindrical, which are beautiful and easy to pack.
4. Prevention and control of fruiting tree diseases and insect pests
Nanyu grape is a European and Asian species with thin leaves and luxuriant leaves. It is easy to get diseases in the south due to high temperature and humidity. The key to planting grapes is to prevent diseases and insects. The following points must be achieved:
1. It is necessary to grasp the local law and time of the occurrence of pests and diseases, and spray the medicine 5-7 days before the occurrence of pests and diseases, to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.
2. To grasp the local weather conditions, take the initiative to prevent rain before and after the rain.
3. Use a combination of systemic and contact pesticides to cure the surface, combine the spray with the roots, and prevent the occurrence of diseases and insects together.
4. To grasp the local growth situation of "Nanyu grape", cultivate a strong tree, thick leaves, reasonable fruit retention, wider branch spacing, high results, and good ventilation and light penetration. .
5. In winter, the garden should be cleaned and disinfected carefully and thoroughly. Remove all diseased branches, diseased leaves, dead leaves, tendrils, weeds, etc. on the ground and steel wires. After burning them outside the garden, apply a 5 degree sulfur mixture to the ground. , Branch poles, cement pillars, steel wires, etc., are fully and carefully sprayed in the park, as if they have been cleaned.
6. When the scales of the spring buds are cracked in the embroidering stage, use the lime sulfur mixture of 3 to 5 degrees as the first time, and then spray and wash them. The beating times are more careful, comprehensive and important than the first time.
7. The essentials of spraying drugs: comprehensively and carefully, first from bottom to top, then from top to bottom, from left to right, and then from right to left, leaving no dead ends. Achieve sufficient air pressure, foggy, blow down the wind, the wind speed, flow rate, and travel speed must be consistent. Do the above seven points to prevent pests and diseases. Specific re-injection table.
Five, bagging
In June, the grapes can be bagged after the fruit is thinned and the ears are whole. Before bagging, the ears must be sprayed with a mixture of sterilization and insecticidal eggs. It is better to cover the bag on the day of spraying on the same day. Be sure to use a special white paper bag, which can protect the fruit from disease and reduce fruit cracking, protect the fruit powder, prevent birds, bees, insects and drug residues.
When the grapes are ripening in July, it is good for ripening and coloring. Open the bottom of the bag or remove the paper bag. After removing the bag, use a thick plastic film with good light transmission, 30*30 cm in length and width. Cut the bag at 15 cm into 15 cm, stack the plastic film on both sides of the fruit stem at the cut, staple it with a stapler, and enclose the fruit ear like a lampshade. This will prevent birds and bees and protect the fruit surface clean. Conducive to coloring.
Six, winter pruning
"Nanyu Grape" has a very high rate of flower formation. According to the X-shaped tree shape, it is generally better to use medium-length and slightly pruned, leaving the branches with a thickness of 0.8 cm or more. Choose the branches to be full, the buds are full, and the long, medium and short are combined. On the basis of summer pruning and the utilization and distribution of tree shape and shelf surface, pruning in the scheduled output.
Seven, graded packaging
Fruits must be graded: special grade, first grade, second grade
1. Special grade fruit: the weight of ear is 600-800 grams, the average fruit size is more than 13 grams, the fruit is uniform, the color is bright, there are no disease spots, medicine spots, and bruises, the fruit powder is good, the fruit quality is hard, and the hard candy is about 20 degrees. .
2. First grade fruit: Ear weight above 600, average fruit size above 10 grams, uniform size, no disease spots, medicine spots, bruises, bright color, good powder, and hard fruit. The sugar content is above 18 degrees.
3. Three-level fruit: ear weight above 400, fruit weight above 8 grams, no disease spots, medicine spots, good color quality, hard fruit quality, and sugar content above 16 degrees.
4. The packing box is generally divided into three types: 10kg, 5kg and 2.5kg. It must be firm, gorgeous and exquisite in appearance, making people feel precious and fashionable.
Before unpacking, the whole garden should be sterilized. Firstly, use lime sulphur mixture and other medicines to disinfect the sluggish ground, then spread 50 kg of quicklime on the ground, and blast the fruit trees before unpacking or opening the bottom of the bag. Note that the bag should be disassembled in batches.
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