In the whole growth and development process such as sprouting, drawing, flowering and fruiting of pepper, it is necessary to continuously absorb a large amount of nutrients from the soil. Grasping the correct fertilization method and fertilizing time is an important measure to achieve high yield, stable yield, and high quality of pepper. In the pepper fertilization should pay attention to "balanced fertilization, formula fertilization, see tree fertilization" principle, reduce production costs, access to the greatest economic benefits.
There are more than 10 kinds of nutrients needed for pepper, with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as main fertilizers, and zinc, boron, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese as auxiliary fertilizers.
1.1. Nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer helps to promote vigorous growth of branches and leaves, robust branches, thick leaves and shades, increase tree nutrients, delay aging, improve leaf photosynthetic efficiency, increase organic nutrient accumulation, promote flower bud formation, achieve stable flower stability and increase yield.
1.2. Phosphate fertilizer
The rational application of phosphate fertilizer to pepper can increase the absorption capacity of roots, which is conducive to the development of new roots, the growth of new shoots, and the ability of pepper to resist cold and drought. And can promote flower bud differentiation, promote flowering results, improve the rate of results, promote fruit development, full grain, increase production, improve quality, increase the oil content of pepper.
1.3 Potassium fertilizer
Potash fertilizer can enhance the resistance of crops, make crops grow robustly, plant cell walls thicken, fruit hypertrophy and maturity, stems tough, branches thick, prevent disease development, improve crop quality, promote photosynthesis, not only increase production, but also Can increase grain protein content and improve quality. Enhances the ability of pepper to resist drought, cold, heat and disease.
1.4 zinc fertilizer
Applying zinc fertilizer can effectively prevent the physiological diseases such as leaflets, yellow leaves, growth obstruction, and plant dwarfing caused by zinc deficiency in Zanthoxylum, and Zinc supplementation can increase the photosynthetic efficiency of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, promote the growth and development of shoot buds and branches, and promote fruit enlargement. Improve disease resistance and resilience, the effect of increasing production is obvious. Using "70% Antai" 600 times liquid foliar root dressing, can effectively play a role in zinc supplementation, more than 10 times more effective than other zinc fertilizer applied to the soil.
1.5 Boron fertilizer
The effect of boron fertilizer on zanthoxylum bungeanum: First, it promotes the operation of carbohydrates, improves the supply of organic matter in various organs of crops, normalizes the growth of crops, and improves the seed setting rate and fruit setting rate. The second is that its amount in pollen can stimulate pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, so that pollination can be carried out smoothly. The third is to regulate the formation and operation of organic acids in the plant, which is conducive to the growth and elongation of the pepper root system.
1.6Calcium fertilizer
The calcium fertilizer plays a role in balancing physiological activity in the tree body. It can reduce the toxic effects of potassium, sodium, hydrogen, manganese, and aluminum ions in the soil, promote the absorption of potassium, phosphate, and nitrate nitrogen in the pepper, and promote the growth and development of the tree.
2 Fertilization time
Pepper is generally fertilized 4 to 5 times throughout the year, and the 4 times of fertilization time, which is mainly used for returning Yang-fertilizer, mother-in-law fertiliser, promoting flower bud strong fertilizer, and strong fruit fertilizer, is key.
2.1 also Yang Fei (priming fertilizer)
Fertilizer should be applied according to local conditions. The best effect is 10-15 days before fruit harvesting. The main application is high nitrogen and low potassium compound fertilizer. The content of 40% “Meinfengbilif†compound fertilizer before and after rainfall can be selected (28: 6:6) + organic fertilizer, or 51% "MeinBiffliff" (17:17:17) compound fertilizer + organic fertilizer, or 40% Scionfoam compound fertilizer. Acupuncture points are applied and then covered with soil. Fertilization accounts for about 50% of annual fertilization.
2.2 month mother fat (base fertilizer, rejuvenation)
Generally, it is appropriate to fertilize from August to October, mainly applying organic fertilizer, and you can also choose to apply 51% “Meinbilliff†compound fertilizer + organic fertilizer + oil cake (should be cooked) before or after rainfall, or 40% Rich compound fertilizer, fertilization accounted for about 20% of the annual fertilization.
2.3 Wintering fertilizer
Seeing tree fertilization and applying wintering fertilizer can promote flower bud differentiation. The fertilization time is from November to December. The application content is 51% “Meinfengbilifili†compound fertilizer+organic fertilizer, and the fertilizer amount accounts for about 10% of the annual fertilization. Exemption).
2.4 Promote flower sprouts
In mid-January to early February, the compound fertilizer with low nitrogen and high potassium was selected and applied with 46% “Meinfengbilif†compound fertilizer (17:7:22) + organic fertilizer, and the fertilizer amount accounted for 10% of the annual fertilization. about.
2.5 Strong Fruit Fertilizer (Stable Fruit Fertilizer)
In mid-April, fertilization is mainly applied to phosphorus, potash, and trace fertilizers. 46% of the high-potassium "Meinfengbifu" compound fertilizer or high-potassium saikofu compound fertilizer can also be applied. It accounts for about 10% of annual fertilization.
2.6 Root dressing
The top dressing time can be selected from the post-expansion period of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, ie from late March to early May. During the three important phenological stages of shoot growth, flower bud differentiation, and fruit formation, Zanthoxylum bungeanum has shown a demand for nutrients within a short time. Large and concentrated characteristics, can be used to supplement the amount of fertilizer required by the top of the pepper tree.
2.6.1 Rapid growth period of new shoots: Foliar spray 25 grams of "Fujianlang" (98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate), or "Divine treasure" 25 grams of water 15 kilograms, or 0.5% urea spray 1 or 2 times.
2.6.2 Flowering Period: Before and After Flowering of Chili Pepper or After Foliar Flowering, apply “polyboron†6-10g, or “Suele Boron†10g + “Ucconnine 1†25g Water 15 Kilograms sprayed 2 or 3 times, can effectively promote the preservation of fruit and its growth effect;
2.6.3 Fruit fast-growing period: Foliage spraying "70% Antai" 25g + "Xinfeng" 20ml, or + "Differential treasure" 25g watered 15kg spray 1 time, spraying again 1 week later "Cong Su 1" 25 grams + "Tian Ci Po" 25 grams of water 15 kg spray 1 or 2 times.
2.6.4 Fruit enlargement period: foliar spray 25 grams of "FuChangLang" (98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate), or "YouChuangSu No. 1" 25g + "XinFeng" 20ml watered 15kg spray 2 ~ 3 times.
3 Fertilization methods
3.1 Spreading method
In the pepper fertilization season, 40 to 51% of compound fertilizer is applied around the prickly ash tree drip before and after rainfall, and then covered with shallow root soil.
3.2 Ring fertilization
The ring-shaped fertilization method uses the trunk as the center and dug an annular groove around the crown around the crown. The groove width is 20 to 50 cm, and the depth of the groove is about 20 cm, which causes less damage to the root system. After digging a ditch, mix fertilizer and organic fertilizer and apply it to the ground.
3.3 Strip fertilization
In the ditch between the rows of pepper trees, fertilizer applied, but also can be combined with the deep prickly pepper garden. It is often used in a wide-range planting garden.
3.4 Top-dressing (foliar fertilization)
During different growth periods, the tree's nutritional needs are supplemented in time. Extra-root fertilizer is a method of spraying the selected microelement fertilizer at a certain concentration and spraying the leaves after 15 minutes to 2 hours after spraying. The absorption amount can reach 80% in 24 hours. the above.
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