—, advantages and disadvantages. The grape's shelter from the rain is to cover the plastic film on the top of the grapes during the grape's growing season. When it rains, the water flows along the membrane and then leaves the garden. It does not fall on leaf vines, fruits, or gardens. The benefits are: First, reduce the soil moisture and air humidity in the garden; Second, after the humidity is reduced, it is not conducive to the reproduction of pathogens, can effectively reduce the black pox, gray mold, anthrax, white rot, downy mildew, etc. Occurrence and hazards, comparable to the open field cultivation to reduce the incidence of black pox disease 60-90 percentage points; third is to reduce the number of spraying and dosage, not only is conducive to the production of pollution-free grapes, but also save pesticides, labor, reduce production costs; four It is to increase fruit setting rate, increase fruit size, reduce cracking, and improve quality. The disadvantages are: due to the cover film on the shed, the light is weakened (light exposure is reduced by 1/4-1/3), and the temperature in the shed is high during stuffy heat, which often leads to vine growth, internode growth, leaf thinning, and leaf color Light, reduced nutrient production capacity, less nutrient accumulation, and affect flower bud differentiation, fruit coloring and delayed maturation, generally mature 2-4 days later than exposed ground. Second, shelter type and construction. According to the width of the grape planting spacing and the selected rack type, the following two types are generally available. 1. The narrow shed: The shed is 2.8 meters wide, the shed is 2.6 meters high, and the shed is 50-100 meters long. It is suitable for vineyards with a single-row fence, a double-row fence and a double cross-shaped truss with a spacing of 3 meters. The slurry is poured into concrete or solidified with wooden wedges. The two ends of the beam are cement piles. The top is connected with steel bars or bamboo poles and wood poles. It is used as sheds and bridges, every 50 centimeters. Take a bamboo raft or a thin steel bar, tie tightly, and cover it with a thin film. 2. Wide sheds: The sheds are 4-6 meters wide, the sheds are 3.0-3.6 meters high, and the sheds are 50-80 meters long. They are suitable for row fences, flat roof racks and ridge racks with a spacing of 2 meters. When constructing the shed, on each side of the canopy, a six-centimeter-long steel concrete pillar with a diameter of 6 cm, buried 60 cm deep and 2.3-2.8 m above the ground is erected on each side of the canopy, and arc-shaped steel pipes are welded on the two lateral columns. Shed arches and shed arches are then welded with steel pipes or wood poles to form sill beams. From 50 to 60 centimeters from the middle beam to the sheds on both sides, ribs are formed by curved steel bars or bamboo rafts. to make. Third, cover film and film removal time: generally in the fruit after the harvest film; downy mildew area, after picking the fruit should continue to cover a period of time, but not too long, too long and easy to make the leaves and the leggy and influence Flower bud differentiation. During the film-covering period, when it is not raining, the shed film should be rolled up to allow it to receive more sunlight and dissipate stuffy heat, so as to enhance photosynthesis, facilitate nutrient accumulation, and enhance fruit coloring and quality; but it must be covered before raining. . IV. Other management 1. General management: Routine management of soil, fertilizer, moisture, pruning and pest control, etc. is performed according to standardized open-field cultivation of vineyards. 2. Lime nitrogen coating. Most grape varieties require 800-1200 hours of low temperature below 7.2°C in winter, and some even need more than 1500 hours to break natural dormancy. 20-35 days before sprouting, winter buds are coated with 50-60 times lime nitrogen (calcium ammonium bicarbonate), which can significantly promote the grape to lift dormancy. 3. Remove the shoots: remove the shoots in a timely manner, remove the shoots from the shoots, entangle the vines and remove the tendrils to reduce the ineffective growth, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission. 4. According to the principle of reasonable results, according to the principle of reasonable results, according to the production and earing, timely sparse excess ears. Spikelets, deputy panicles, pods have gone to the long panicle tips and sparsely plucked small fruits to increase the fruit and panicle weights. If necessary, the ears are bagged to reduce cracking and burning, and to improve fruit coloration and quality. Http://
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