First, the basic knowledge of bee colony (a) the composition of bee colony When you observe the bee colony in the spring season, you can easily find in the bee colony with different forms of bees, drones and worker bees three types of bees. 1? Queen of Bees: The Queen of Bees is the longest of bee colonies, about 20-25 millimeters, weighing about 300 milligrams. There is only one queen of bees in the normal bee colony. The bee queen is more developed than worker bees and drones, but its wings are short and narrow, and only cover 1/2 to 2/3 of its abdomen. The queen's mouthparts have been degraded and must be fed entirely by worker bees. The natural life of queen bees can reach 5 to 6 years, but when the bee queen is older than 540 days, the spawning volume is significantly reduced. Therefore, in the production of beekeeping, it is best to change the king every year in order to maintain a strong group and win high yields. 2? Worker bees: Worker bees are the smallest individuals in the colony, body length of about 13 mm, and the number of thousands to tens of thousands. The worker bees have specialized in many structures of the body in order to adapt to the work they are carrying, and the most obvious ones are the peripheral villi and three pairs of feet. During the collection season, the average life span of worker bees was only about 35 days because the worker bees took part in collection activities and fed a large number of larvae for a long time. The overwintering bees cultivated in the autumn can generally survive for 3 to 4 months and sometimes even 5 to 6 months. 3 Drone: The drone is a male “citizen†within the colony, with a pair of prominent compound eyes and a developed forewing about 15 mm in length. Drones appear seasonally and number from hundreds to thousands. Its cricket system has been degraded and all drones will try their best to chase the Queen. Only the strongest drone can get the chance to mate with the queen. The entire process of mating is carried out in the air. After mating, the drone will immediately die as the reproductive organs are pulled out. In the season when the powder is abundant, the life of the drone can reach 3 to 4 months. However, when there is a lack of powder, and the mating season has passed, the worker bees will drive the drone to the side spleen or the bottom of the beehive, or even to the outside of the beehive. Because drones are unable to resist and cannot eat, they have to live and starve to death. (B) The temperature within the colony The honeybee is a thermophilic animal. The temperature within the colony is related to whether or not there are bees in the group (general term for eggs, larvae, and pupa). When there are bees in the bee colony, the worker bees always do everything possible to keep the temperature within the group at 34?4?34?8?C, so as to facilitate the development of the bees; when there are no bees in the group, the temperature requirements within the group are not strict , can change in the range of 14 ~ 32 °C. Experiments show that only when the number of worker bees in the colony reaches 15,000, can the temperature in the group be maintained constant. Therefore, in the production of beekeeping, especially in the early spring, do not remove the insulation of the weak bee colony. Otherwise, it will cause the bee colony to freeze and fail to reproduce in early spring. In the bee colony, when the outside temperature is very low, the bees mainly use the following three methods to maintain the population within 34 to 4 to 34 to 8°C. The first is to accelerate the metabolism of honey by adult bees and accelerate the metabolism. Energy; Second, adult honey gathered into groups; Third, the larvae and cockroaches within the colony respiration heat. When the ambient temperature is greater than 34?8?C, the bees use the following three methods to reduce the temperature to 34?8?C: First, the adult bees disperse, climb to the beehive wall, the bottom of the box and outside the box; Second, the bees collect water, and put Moisture is applied to the nest room, box wall, etc. to evaporate the water and absorb the heat in the box to achieve cooling. Third, some worker bees are automatically arranged in the nest and at the nest door to form a long line of long queues. Wind to enhance air circulation and emit heat.
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