Loofah is divided into two categories: ribbed loofah and non ribbed loofah. The surface of non ribbed loofah has no ribs, smooth or with fine wrinkles. The melon strips are mostly cylindrical, and the young melon flesh is soft and tender. It has strong growth potential, high yield, wide distribution, strong adaptability, and can be cultivated in both north and south. The fine varieties include Baiyushuang, thread loofah, Hangzhou meat loofah and so on. The growth of ridged loofah plants is weaker than that of non-ridged loofah. The fruit is long rod-shaped or spindle-shaped. The most important feature is that there are 9 to 11 convex ridges on the surface of the fruit. Good varieties include green-skinned loofah, green-wondered loofah and so on.
2 Cultivation methods
The soilless cultivation of loofah can adopt hydroponics and substrate cultivation. Substrate culture management technology is easier than hydroponic culture, especially in the design of "fruit corridor", there are also loofah planting, so with the help of scaffolding facilities, brick trough type, bag type, pot type, box type, etc. are used for loofah Substrate cultivation, the effect is very good.
3 Cultivation technology
3.1 Nursery
Use nutrient bowls to grow seedlings. Soak the selected seeds in warm soup for 4 hours, then disinfect them with 0.1% potassium permanganate for 2 to 3 hours, remove them and rinse them with clear water, and intensify germination at a constant temperature of 25 to 30°C. When 80% of the buds grow to 0.3-0.5cm, choose to seed them in the morning on a sunny day and place them in a nutrient bowl with a substrate. After sowing, cover with a 1cm thick substrate, and then cover with a layer of film to keep warm and moisturize.
3.2 Seedling management
3.2.1 Temperature management
3-4 days after sowing, keep 30～32℃ during the day and 18～20℃ at night. Remove the mulch film promptly after emergence, reduce the temperature appropriately after the seedlings, keep around 25℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night. It can be planted when the seedlings have 3 to 4 true leaves in about 30 days, and the seedlings should be strengthened 10 days before planting.
3.2.2 Moisture Management
The water content of the substrate should reach 60% to 70% of the field water holding capacity, and the water should be watered in the morning.
3.2.3 Light Management
The seedling stage is the critical period for flower bud differentiation. Low night temperature and short daylight are beneficial to promote flower bud differentiation and female flower formation. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the light time and the temperature difference between day and night. It can be shaded by a small arch, so that the daily sunshine time can be controlled at 8-9h.
3.3 Cultivation tank specifications and substrate ratio
If it is produced in a greenhouse or large shed, the specification of the cultivation tank is 70-80cm wide and 25-30cm deep, and the length depends on the span of the greenhouse. If it is used for cultivation in the design of the melon and fruit promenade, trough or bag cultivation can be used on both sides of the promenade, and the planting trough is 40cm wide. A layer of plastic with drainage holes is laid on the bottom of the cultivation trough. The cultivation substrate is selected according to the volume ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite=3:1:0.5, mixed and uniformly disinfected, filled into the cultivation tank, the substrate is made into a turtle-back shape, and a layer of black plastic film is spread on it. The substrate is poured before cultivation. permeable.
3.4 Colonization
When the loofah seedlings have 3 to 4 true leaves, they can be planted. It is advisable to choose the morning planting in sunny weather. The greenhouse trough cultivation adopts double-row planting, with small row spacing of 60cm, plant spacing of 40cm, and planting trough spacing of 80-100cm. Pay attention to protect the integrity of the root system and from harm. The planting density varies according to the variety, cultivation area, cultivation season and pruning form, and is generally controlled at about 2,000 plants per mu.
3.5 Temperature and humidity management
A relatively high ambient temperature should be maintained within 1 week after planting, around 28°C during the day and 15-18°C at night. In order to prevent high temperature from damaging the plants, increase the environmental humidity. After the slow seedling, in order to promote the development of the root system and prevent the stems and leaves from lengthening, the temperature in the daytime is controlled at 20-28°C and at night 12-18°C. During the flowering and fruiting period, the temperature will increase slightly, but the highest temperature in the shed should not exceed 35°C, and the night temperature should not be lower than 10°C. Enhancing ventilation while maintaining heat preservation, and the environmental humidity should be controlled at 60% to 70%.
3.6 Nutrient solution management
3.6.1 Nutrient solution formula
Use the Japanese garden to test the formula (1966).
3.6.2 Nutrient solution concentration management
The nutrient solution concentration management indicators are: 1.0mS/cm from seedling stage, 2.0mS/cm from planting to flowering stage, 2.5mS/cm from fruit swelling stage, and 2.8mS/cm from mature stage to harvesting stage.
3.6.3 pH
The suitable pH value for the growth of loofah is 6.0-6.8.
3.6.4 Liquid supply and moisture management
Loofah likes humid climate and is resistant to high humidity, so it is necessary to keep the substrate moist. Generally, the solution is supplied once every 1 to 2 days during the seedling stage, and 1 to 2 times a day during the adult stage. The amount of solution supplied per plant varies from 0.5L to 2L per plant according to the plant size. The concentration of nutrient solution can be appropriately reduced on sunny days, and the concentration of nutrient solution can be appropriately increased during rainy days and low temperature seasons. After pouring the nutrient solution 2 to 3 times, water can be poured once.
3.7 Plant adjustment
Trough cultivation in the greenhouse, hang the vines in time when the plants begin to draw vines after planting. Pull an iron wire between the greenhouse frame and the rear wall in the north-south direction above the planting trough, tie a nylon rope to the corresponding plant on the iron wire, and then artificially guide the vines to assist the shelf. Both the main vine and the side vine of the loofah can produce melons. Usually, all the side vines below the first female flower are removed, and the side vines that appear afterwards are selected for strong growth. After the fruiting, leave a leaf before the melon and top off. Leave 2 to 3 loofahs per plant. In the later stage, only the weak or dense branches need to be cut off. With the growth of the vines, it is necessary to wrap the vines and vines in time to keep the vines of the plant at a height of about 1.5m. Remove the old leaves, diseased leaves, yellow leaves and tendrils of the middle and lower parts before falling to improve the ventilation and light conditions. . If it is cultivated on both sides of the melon porch, the vines on the front side of the upper scaffold are removed, and the side vines after climbing the scaffold are generally not removed, but pay attention to attracting the vine. In the full fruit period, if the plant grows too vigorously and the leaves are luxuriant, remove the dense old leaves, yellow leaves and redundant male flowers, and adjust the young melons that are on the shelf or entangled by the tendrils in time to hang them in the shelf to grow. Remove deformed melons to reduce nutrient consumption and increase the viewing effect.
3.8 Preserving flowers and fruits
Luffa has no parthenocarpy ability, and artificial pollination is required for indoor cultivation in the shed. Artificial pollination can be carried out when there is no dew from 8 to 10 in the morning. Pick the male flower that just opened, remove the petals, and lightly smear the stigma of the female flower with anthers. If the amount of male flowers is insufficient or it is difficult to disperse powder, you can spray the flowers with 25mg/L Zuguolin.
3.9 Harvest
Luffa is only 10-12 days after the female flowers are opened to harvest. When the stalk is smooth and slightly discolored, the hair on the fruit surface is reduced, and the peel is soft to the touch and can be picked and eaten. Harvested after the expiration date, the fruit is prone to fibrosis, the seeds become hard and bitter and inedible. Therefore, during the full blooming period, it can be harvested every 1 to 2 days, and the harvesting time should be in the morning. Use scissors to cut the stalk of the fruit. Because the skin of the loofah is tender and tender, it is necessary to avoid pressure when harvesting, so as not to affect the commercial properties.
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