Peppers often occur in the cultivation and cultivation process, such pests and diseases, these pests will greatly reduce the quality of peppers, and even affect the yield of peppers.
1 Agricultural control measures
1.1 Pay attention to the selection and treatment of seeds
Before the sowing, the pepper should pay attention to the selection and treatment of the seed. This is directly related to the survival rate and quality of the pepper. Therefore, it is necessary to select seeds with high survival rate and good resistance to pests and diseases, thereby increasing the productivity of the pepper.
1) Do a good job of purifying and rejuvenating the varieties of conventional seeds and cultivating new varieties. Carefully select genetically modified varieties, and collect them from healthy and disease-free and robust plants. The prevention and control of pests and diseases should be started from the ground up. After selecting the seeds, the seeds should be dried and preserved. Before the seeds are planted in the coming year, the seeds are taken out and dried in advance to play the role of killing the bacteria and bacteria.
2) Warming treatment. The blanching treatment can play a role in bactericidal and germination, but this is a step that people can easily ignore during the sowing process. Before sowing, first clean the seeds, soak them in warm water with more than 3 times the amount of seeds. Stir them with a stick while soaking. Then, when the water temperature drops to a certain temperature, let the seeds soak for about 12 hours.
3) Soak the potion. Wash the seeds soaked in warm water, rinse with water, and remove the seeds. Then use syrup treatment, soak it in the medicine for about 4 hours, remove it and dry it. Finally, it is soaked in a small amount of sulfuric acid solution, and repeatedly washed to achieve the germination effect.
1.2 Site preparation and soil disinfection
Whether it is a seedbed or a wide field, it is best to choose a land that has not been planted with peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, etc. in the past 3 years. If the soil is weak, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil with rich organic matter is better, this soil is better. More conducive to the sowing of pepper. After selecting the planting area, it is necessary to do the land preparation work. In winter, the cultivated land can be cultivated and the mulch film can be laid. After the snow is covered in winter, the insects can be killed and the soil environment can be improved. In addition, fine management of the land to be sorted out is required. After doing these treatments, 15 days before the sowing of the pepper seeds, the soil should be first loosened, the bed soil should be dug, and some formalin solution should be added to the soil to effectively sterilize and reduce pests and diseases. Pay attention to the dosage when preparing. The formalin dilution used per 1 m seed bed is 450 m L.
1.3 shed disinfection
At present, many places have been raised through greenhouses, and disinfection of greenhouses can also reduce pests and diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to do the disinfection work in the greenhouse in advance. It is best to close the shed for 15 days before transplanting. The high temperature and boring for about 7 days can kill the initial pests and diseases. In addition, in the initial stage of pests and diseases, fumigation treatment may be carried out using sulfur or chlorothalonil powder.
2 Chemical control measures
2.1 Prevention and control of anthracnose
Anthrax is a common and harmful disease during the growth of pepper. The phenomenon of anthracnose disease in peppers is that the spots in the early stage of the infection show spots of water-like shape. After a period of time, the center will turn grayish white and the surrounding area is dark brown spots. If the infection is severe, the pepper strain will appear to be withered and may even fall off. In addition, the prolonged drought or the sudden rain after the rain will increase the prevalence of this disease.
Copper sulphate 1000 times solution, 70% chlorothalonil 500 times solution, 65% thiram double wettable powder 600 times solution, 70% methyl mopjin 1 000 times solution, 70% mancozeb 400 times solution, etc. To prevent anthrax, pay attention to the middle and lower parts of the rhizome or the back of the leaves when spraying. In addition, when watering, pay attention to the low temperature can be poured at noon, if the temperature is high, remember not to water at noon to prevent such disease outbreaks.
2.2 Prevention and treatment of viral diseases
Viral disease is also known as mosaic disease or dog ear disease. The symptoms of this disease are characterized by short stature, thick leaves and necrotic spots on the leaves, and brown streaks on the branches. And small. In the early stages of infection, leaves, flowers, and fruits appear.
Passivation agent, soy flour, saponin powder, etc. can prevent and control this disease. When it is necessary to pay attention, the dosage should be controlled. In the early stage of the disease, a 1000-fold solution of potassium permanganate can be sprayed to spray the diseased plant. The disease can also be prevented by spraying 800 times of the drug solution or virus A.
2.3 Prevention and control of cotton bollworm
Helicoverpa armigera prefers a warm and humid environment, in which the cotton bollworm is seriously ill. Helicoverpa armigera usually occurs around 4 generations a year. This pest and disease is not only present on the front side of the leaves, but also on the back. This disease will seriously affect the quality of the pepper.
Control measures: We must lower the first generation, do a good job in the control of the second generation, we must focus on prevention and control of the third generation, and the fourth generation should be thoroughly managed. The killing of 2,000 times liquid or the killing of 3,000 times liquid by the enemy can be used to control the insect pest, and the insect growth regulator can also control the insect.
2.4 Prevention and treatment of bacterial spot disease
This disease can occur during the pepper growing period or during the pepper growing season, and this disease is most likely to occur during the best period of pepper growth. This disease seedling infection is caused by small silvery white spots on the leaves. After a certain time, the small white spots will turn brown, and finally the pepper plants will die. Infection at the adult stage will cause the leaves and fruits to fall off directly.
In order to prevent bacterial spot disease, it can be used for 2 to 3 years of rotation with other crops. However, it should be noted that crops that are rotated can not be eggplant, which will affect the yield. In the early stage of the disease, 77% of the wettable powder 600 times or 65% of the zinc WP can be used for prevention and treatment. The spray can be sprayed once every 7~10d, preferably two or three times in a row.
2.5 Prevention and treatment of epidemics
The disease may occur when the seed is soaked for too long, at the seedling stage or during the adult stage, and once the disease occurs, the loss will be more serious and the damage will be greater. The onset of seedling stage is that the rhizome will appear dark green water stains, causing lodging. Infecting this disease at the seedling stage will directly lead to the death of the plant. If it is infected after adult planting, the leaves will show a dark green near-circle shape, which will be soft rot after expansion. When it encounters a sunny day, the infected leaves will directly wither. If the fruit is infected, dark green water-stained spots will appear at the beginning, and then it will develop into brown disease and rot quickly. If the whiteness of the mildew layer appears in the humidity, it will dry and form dark brown fruit, and stay in the plant branches. on. Once this disease occurs, it has a great impact on the pepper. This pathogen is spread by moisture, and it spreads very fast, so it is very prone to this disease in the rainy season.
It can spray 40% Ethylene Phosphate WP 200 times solution or 25% Metalaxyl WP 800 times solution in the early stage of the onset. In addition, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 58% Redolmer WP 500 times solution or 72.2% Plex water agent 600 ~ 800 times liquid preventive agent can also prevent this disease. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the spraying every 7~10 d, and spray two or three times in succession.
2.6 Prevention of sunburn
This disease is a physiological disease. Its pathogenesis is that the pepper fruit rots, the surface facing the sun will fade and the surface will become hard, and the water loss will become too thin and light, showing light or white.
A 1000-fold spray of copper sulfate solution can be used to control this disease. Spraying 0.1% calcium chloride solution or calcium phosphate leaching solution at 15:00 in the afternoon can prevent this disease. When spraying, pay attention to the uniform spray on the back and front of the leaves.
3 Conclusion
To improve the yield of peppers and the quality of peppers, it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Pepper planting should pay special attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases during the seed selection and treatment period or the seedling stage and growth period of pepper. The pepper planting process should be observed and observed.
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