The shellfish market has high prices and good prospects for development. Many people want to raise them, but they do not know how to raise them. The author has written this article for the reference of farmers, and various breeding methods are suitable for raising households in different regions and environmental conditions.
1. Pond culture and breeding Thailand shellfish fish ponds are suitable for an area of ​​3 acres, usually not more than 8 acres, a water depth of 1.5 meters, less silt and good water supply. Acre breeding stock 3000-3500 tail. The first time the Thai shellfish were cultured, it is advisable to choose the cultivation method once.
Before clearing, clear ponds must be disinfected to remove miscellaneous fish. Artificial fish nests should be laid at the bottom of the pond. A plastic tube with a diameter of 11 cm and a length of 35 cm can be used. Two plastic wooden tubes with 2 meters are used Depending on the breeding density, about 80 rows per mu. Artificial fish nest tube to leave the bottom of the pond 20 cm, fixed with a pile, and slightly tilted to avoid accumulation of mud and fish inside the tube. Artificial fish nest is an important measure to effectively expand the ecological area of ​​breeding, increase the density of breeding, and increase production.
When the pond water temperature is above 22°C and it is easy to cultivate biological feed, fish fry can be used. The water depth of the pond is 1 meter, and 1/3 of the water surface is separated by plastic sheeting. According to the fertility of the pond bottom, 250-500 kg of fermented manure or mechanical organic fertilizer is applied on this 1/3 of the water surface. Fertilizer is applied at the same time with 5 g/cubic. Rice strong chlorine disinfection water body, after 5-7 days to cultivate a large number of leeches and other plankton, you can put seed, if the full biological feed ponds, shrimp resources can be rich without separation. When the seedlings are released, the temperature difference between the seedlings and the pond should not exceed 2°C.
Due to the particularity of the surface scales of shellfish in Thailand, the seedlings with a size of more than 3 cm are easily scratched during transportation. Improper sterilization before stocking will reduce the survival rate. Therefore, the selected sterile packaging has a size of 2 - 2.5 cm can be directly stocked seed is appropriate. The seed is concentrated on the 1/3 of the water for the first phase of cultivation. In the case of adequate feed, the fry can grow to 3 cm in 1 week and reach 4-5 cm in one month. At this time, the plastic sheet separating the ponds can be removed and the fish can be introduced into Datang for the second phase of cultivation.
Before that, live bait was raised on the other two-thirds of the surface of the pond. The live bait is best to be stocked with small size, high fertility fish and fish species, with no less than 10,000 fish per acre. When the fish species is cultivated in the second stage, they can be stocked for natural reproduction under fresh water conditions. Green shrimp seedlings have no less than 500,000 tails per acre, or batches of desalinated Macrobrachium maximus seedlings. They are fed regularly according to the standards of shrimp farming, and they are fed with shrimp feed. The fish fry prey on the shrimp seedlings, fry, and shrimps. For small fish, the survival rate is usually above 80%. After 3-4 months, it can grow to 10-12 cm and 20-30 grams of body weight, and it will be transferred into adult fish breeding. During the adult fish breeding period, it can raise 50-100 tails per acre, which is beneficial to the control of water quality.
When the amount of live fish and shrimp in the aquaculture water is insufficient, the Thai bamboo shell fish turn to feed artificial feed, and timely feed the chilled fish or artificial feed or artificial powder feed with a protein content of not less than 38%. When food is provided, we must set up a food table, distributing 6-8 baskets per acre, about 20 centimeters from the bottom of the pool, in order to adapt to the characteristics that Thailand's bamboo shellfish do not like to swim. The processed block feed or chilled fish meat pieces are placed in the hanging basket, and the amount of feed is increased or decreased according to the feeding conditions. The remaining feed can be poured into the pond to feed small fish and shrimp. Feed coefficient: 6-8 for feeding small junk fish, 2-2.5 for artificial synthetic feed, and product specifications for 6-7 months of breeding.
Fish, shrimp and Thai bamboo shell fish polyculture, constitute a good food chain, fish, shrimp is not only the best bait fish shellfish in Thailand, but also effectively clean up the remaining bait to maintain the stability of water quality.
2, pond cage culture Thai shellfish fish into the growing season, the use of cages to capture large-size fish species, sub-specifications transferred to the cage in the same pond set aquaculture, is to resolve a difference in the development of specifications, points Batch rearing into a listing of farming methods. Cultured fish with a density of 10-20 tails per square meter, which causes body surface damage when caught, should be treated according to the treatment of fish body surface diseases.
The ponds usually used for cage culture have an area of ​​6-8 mu and a water depth of more than 1.5 meters. In high temperature season, the water depth at 1 meter should not exceed 32°C. The duckweed and water hyacinth can be stocked on the water to lower the water temperature, and water flow can be used or impeller aerators can be set up to increase oxygen at regular intervals to improve water quality.
Farming cage materials are made without netting, 30-50 g/tail fish species, using a knotless mesh of 1.5 cm, 100 g/tail fish species using a knotless mesh of 2.5 cm. Cage specifications can be selected according to the conditions of 3 meters 4 meters, 4 meters 6 meters, cages with floating materials so that the tank mouth is higher than the water surface 20 cm, the bottom 20 cm from the bottom of the pond.
According to the size of the cage, artificial fish nests are placed in rows of 3-4, and 1-2 baskets are set as food tables.
3. When the natural water temperature is above 24°C in cages with large water surface, cages can be used for breeding in reservoirs, lakes, and rivers with smooth flow rates, which are abundant in water resources. This is a good way to invest in provinces with high yields and high benefits. .
Choose a breeding site suitable for setting cages. The water quality is better, there is no industrial pollution, the water flow rate is gentle, the water depth is not less than 2 meters, there are few motor boats nearby, and the transportation is convenient and convenient for transportation.
There are many specifications for the cage, but the most commonly used is 4 meters 6 meters 2.5 meters. The cage material can be selected without knotting, bamboo, galvanized iron net, mesh size according to the specifications of seed, can not escape, card fish You can. Use floating materials (foam, float buckets) to raise the upper part of the cage 40-50 cm above the water surface. The top of the cage can be sealed with a flat board to prevent sunlight exposure. At the top, two 40 cm 50 cm movable feeding baits are opened. Usually several cages are connected together, located in reservoirs and lakes, where people are housed to facilitate feeding and management. Cage culture must be stocked with healthy large-scale fry, and purchase large-scale fry in the outfield, should be viewed on the spot, carefully selected, sterilized, raised, to be recovered after transportation damage and then placed in the box aquaculture.
Stocking density. Deploy 50-80g/tail fish species with a density of 30-50/m2. In the morning or in the evening, stocking species should be in the same cage and the same specification. Use the bucket to bring the fish into the cage. Let the fish species swim on their own and do not pour the fish into the box. Feeding should begin on the third day after stocking. The feed should be placed in a bait box and submerged in water, 30 cm from the bottom of the tank. Feed 2 times a day and increase or decrease the amount of feed according to the actual eating conditions. Always clean the cage around it, remove moss to keep the water flowing, and use a water pump to suck out the trash from the bottom of the tank. Farming 6-7 months can reach the product specifications.
4. Cement pond farming The use of breeding facilities with insulation conditions to cultivate Thai bamboo shell fish can not only bring benefits to the greenhouse in the breeding industry, but also be a good way for factory culture of Thailand to grow shell fish. It is suitable for winter, Breeding in areas with low temperatures in spring. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, when the water temperature reaches 22°C in May each year, large-scale breeding of the green shrimp occurs. The pond and shell fish are cultured in ponds. From September to October, the ponds are cultivated in greenhouses, and the following year can reach commercial specifications.
Artificial fish nests are not provided in the pool, and micro-circulation water or timed aeration oxygenation is used to pollute regularly to prevent deterioration of water quality. Feed the bait on the table, feed it every afternoon, and check the food table the next day.
The area of ​​the rearing pond is not less than 30 square meters, and the stocking density of large-size seedlings of 30-50 g/over is 8-15/m2. After grasping the breeding technology of the fish, the breeding density can be gradually realized. -High-density factory production of 50/m2.
5, shrimp, fish polyculture in the raising pool shrimp culture Thailand shellfish, investment, province, good efficiency. Shrimp ponds are less silt, shrimp is the main support, and at the same time it is marked with Thai shellfish fry. Due to the better salt tolerance of shellfish in Thailand, shrimp can be stocked for 10 to 15 days in the culture pond of Penaeus vannamei or Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the fry can be directly fed at the salinity of 2‰ to 5‰. Shoot shell fish fry 100-200, the main food for small individuals, slow growth shrimp. When harvesting the shrimp, catch the shellfish in Thailand and disinfect it in time. Since the shellfish in Thailand have the habit of drilling mud, they should be carefully captured after the dry pond. Fry cultured for 3 months usually reaches a size of 9-10 cm and can be transferred to pond cages for culture.
6, fish, fish polyculture to the main breeding of monoculture tilapia, puffer fish breeding ponds, artificial bait feeding conditions, usually more freshwater shrimp, shellfish Thailand is the best bait, each mu can be launched at the same time 50-80 Thailand shellfish fry, placement of a small number of artificial fish nests, each mu can increase the Thai shellfish 20-30 kg.
1. Pond culture and breeding Thailand shellfish fish ponds are suitable for an area of ​​3 acres, usually not more than 8 acres, a water depth of 1.5 meters, less silt and good water supply. Acre breeding stock 3000-3500 tail. The first time the Thai shellfish were cultured, it is advisable to choose the cultivation method once.
Before clearing, clear ponds must be disinfected to remove miscellaneous fish. Artificial fish nests should be laid at the bottom of the pond. A plastic tube with a diameter of 11 cm and a length of 35 cm can be used. Two plastic wooden tubes with 2 meters are used Depending on the breeding density, about 80 rows per mu. Artificial fish nest tube to leave the bottom of the pond 20 cm, fixed with a pile, and slightly tilted to avoid accumulation of mud and fish inside the tube. Artificial fish nest is an important measure to effectively expand the ecological area of ​​breeding, increase the density of breeding, and increase production.
When the pond water temperature is above 22°C and it is easy to cultivate biological feed, fish fry can be used. The water depth of the pond is 1 meter, and 1/3 of the water surface is separated by plastic sheeting. According to the fertility of the pond bottom, 250-500 kg of fermented manure or mechanical organic fertilizer is applied on this 1/3 of the water surface. Fertilizer is applied at the same time with 5 g/cubic. Rice strong chlorine disinfection water body, after 5-7 days to cultivate a large number of leeches and other plankton, you can put seed, if the full biological feed ponds, shrimp resources can be rich without separation. When the seedlings are released, the temperature difference between the seedlings and the pond should not exceed 2°C.
Due to the particularity of the surface scales of shellfish in Thailand, the seedlings with a size of more than 3 cm are easily scratched during transportation. Improper sterilization before stocking will reduce the survival rate. Therefore, the selected sterile packaging has a size of 2 - 2.5 cm can be directly stocked seed is appropriate. The seed is concentrated on the 1/3 of the water for the first phase of cultivation. In the case of adequate feed, the fry can grow to 3 cm in 1 week and reach 4-5 cm in one month. At this time, the plastic sheet separating the ponds can be removed and the fish can be introduced into Datang for the second phase of cultivation.
Before that, live bait was raised on the other two-thirds of the surface of the pond. The live bait is best to be stocked with small size, high fertility fish and fish species, with no less than 10,000 fish per acre. When the fish species is cultivated in the second stage, they can be stocked for natural reproduction under fresh water conditions. Green shrimp seedlings have no less than 500,000 tails per acre, or batches of desalinated Macrobrachium maximus seedlings. They are fed regularly according to the standards of shrimp farming, and they are fed with shrimp feed. The fish fry prey on the shrimp seedlings, fry, and shrimps. For small fish, the survival rate is usually above 80%. After 3-4 months, it can grow to 10-12 cm and 20-30 grams of body weight, and it will be transferred into adult fish breeding. During the adult fish breeding period, it can raise 50-100 tails per acre, which is beneficial to the control of water quality.
When the amount of live fish and shrimp in the aquaculture water is insufficient, the Thai bamboo shell fish turn to feed artificial feed, and timely feed the chilled fish or artificial feed or artificial powder feed with a protein content of not less than 38%. When food is provided, we must set up a food table, distributing 6-8 baskets per acre, about 20 centimeters from the bottom of the pool, in order to adapt to the characteristics that Thailand's bamboo shellfish do not like to swim. The processed block feed or chilled fish meat pieces are placed in the hanging basket, and the amount of feed is increased or decreased according to the feeding conditions. The remaining feed can be poured into the pond to feed small fish and shrimp. Feed coefficient: 6-8 for feeding small junk fish, 2-2.5 for artificial synthetic feed, and product specifications for 6-7 months of breeding.
Fish, shrimp and Thai bamboo shell fish polyculture, constitute a good food chain, fish, shrimp is not only the best bait fish shellfish in Thailand, but also effectively clean up the remaining bait to maintain the stability of water quality.
2, pond cage culture Thai shellfish fish into the growing season, the use of cages to capture large-size fish species, sub-specifications transferred to the cage in the same pond set aquaculture, is to resolve a difference in the development of specifications, points Batch rearing into a listing of farming methods. Cultured fish with a density of 10-20 tails per square meter, which causes body surface damage when caught, should be treated according to the treatment of fish body surface diseases.
The ponds usually used for cage culture have an area of ​​6-8 mu and a water depth of more than 1.5 meters. In high temperature season, the water depth at 1 meter should not exceed 32°C. The duckweed and water hyacinth can be stocked on the water to lower the water temperature, and water flow can be used or impeller aerators can be set up to increase oxygen at regular intervals to improve water quality.
Farming cage materials are made without netting, 30-50 g/tail fish species, using a knotless mesh of 1.5 cm, 100 g/tail fish species using a knotless mesh of 2.5 cm. Cage specifications can be selected according to the conditions of 3 meters 4 meters, 4 meters 6 meters, cages with floating materials so that the tank mouth is higher than the water surface 20 cm, the bottom 20 cm from the bottom of the pond.
According to the size of the cage, artificial fish nests are placed in rows of 3-4, and 1-2 baskets are set as food tables.
3. When the natural water temperature is above 24°C in cages with large water surface, cages can be used for breeding in reservoirs, lakes, and rivers with smooth flow rates, which are abundant in water resources. This is a good way to invest in provinces with high yields and high benefits. .
Choose a breeding site suitable for setting cages. The water quality is better, there is no industrial pollution, the water flow rate is gentle, the water depth is not less than 2 meters, there are few motor boats nearby, and the transportation is convenient and convenient for transportation.
There are many specifications for the cage, but the most commonly used is 4 meters 6 meters 2.5 meters. The cage material can be selected without knotting, bamboo, galvanized iron net, mesh size according to the specifications of seed, can not escape, card fish You can. Use floating materials (foam, float buckets) to raise the upper part of the cage 40-50 cm above the water surface. The top of the cage can be sealed with a flat board to prevent sunlight exposure. At the top, two 40 cm 50 cm movable feeding baits are opened. Usually several cages are connected together, located in reservoirs and lakes, where people are housed to facilitate feeding and management. Cage culture must be stocked with healthy large-scale fry, and purchase large-scale fry in the outfield, should be viewed on the spot, carefully selected, sterilized, raised, to be recovered after transportation damage and then placed in the box aquaculture.
Stocking density. Deploy 50-80g/tail fish species with a density of 30-50/m2. In the morning or in the evening, stocking species should be in the same cage and the same specification. Use the bucket to bring the fish into the cage. Let the fish species swim on their own and do not pour the fish into the box. Feeding should begin on the third day after stocking. The feed should be placed in a bait box and submerged in water, 30 cm from the bottom of the tank. Feed 2 times a day and increase or decrease the amount of feed according to the actual eating conditions. Always clean the cage around it, remove moss to keep the water flowing, and use a water pump to suck out the trash from the bottom of the tank. Farming 6-7 months can reach the product specifications.
4. Cement pond farming The use of breeding facilities with insulation conditions to cultivate Thai bamboo shell fish can not only bring benefits to the greenhouse in the breeding industry, but also be a good way for factory culture of Thailand to grow shell fish. It is suitable for winter, Breeding in areas with low temperatures in spring. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, when the water temperature reaches 22°C in May each year, large-scale breeding of the green shrimp occurs. The pond and shell fish are cultured in ponds. From September to October, the ponds are cultivated in greenhouses, and the following year can reach commercial specifications.
Artificial fish nests are not provided in the pool, and micro-circulation water or timed aeration oxygenation is used to pollute regularly to prevent deterioration of water quality. Feed the bait on the table, feed it every afternoon, and check the food table the next day.
The area of ​​the rearing pond is not less than 30 square meters, and the stocking density of large-size seedlings of 30-50 g/over is 8-15/m2. After grasping the breeding technology of the fish, the breeding density can be gradually realized. -High-density factory production of 50/m2.
5, shrimp, fish polyculture in the raising pool shrimp culture Thailand shellfish, investment, province, good efficiency. Shrimp ponds are less silt, shrimp is the main support, and at the same time it is marked with Thai shellfish fry. Due to the better salt tolerance of shellfish in Thailand, shrimp can be stocked for 10 to 15 days in the culture pond of Penaeus vannamei or Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the fry can be directly fed at the salinity of 2‰ to 5‰. Shoot shell fish fry 100-200, the main food for small individuals, slow growth shrimp. When harvesting the shrimp, catch the shellfish in Thailand and disinfect it in time. Since the shellfish in Thailand have the habit of drilling mud, they should be carefully captured after the dry pond. Fry cultured for 3 months usually reaches a size of 9-10 cm and can be transferred to pond cages for culture.
6, fish, fish polyculture to the main breeding of monoculture tilapia, puffer fish breeding ponds, artificial bait feeding conditions, usually more freshwater shrimp, shellfish Thailand is the best bait, each mu can be launched at the same time 50-80 Thailand shellfish fry, placement of a small number of artificial fish nests, each mu can increase the Thai shellfish 20-30 kg.
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