Spring is the season of recovery of all things. During this period, how do you apply fertilizer in greenhouse vegetables? First of all, we must understand the characteristics of various fertilizers. Next, we will introduce the characteristics and influences of different fertilizers so that farmers can apply fertilizer more scientifically.
1. Common fertilizer for greenhouse vegetable production
The commonly used fertilizers for greenhouse vegetable production include chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers and functional fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers mainly include N, P, K elemental fertilizers, compound fertilizers and compound fertilizers, and a large number of elemental fertilizers and medium and trace element fertilizers; Mainly there are manure, soil fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer, etc.; functional fertilizer is also called conditioning agent.
1.1 Manure, soil fertilizer
The most common organic fertilizer in greenhouse vegetable production, the amount of which is high, the nutrient content is also high, rich in N, P, K and some medium and trace elements and organic matter, but there are some precautions when applying manure. For example, the amount of inorganic fertilizer should be appropriately reduced and the manure should not be applied continuously, otherwise it will accelerate the occurrence of various soil problems. In addition, the manure must be decomposed before application, otherwise it will produce harmful gas or burning seedlings, especially in the deep winter season.
Straw compost is a kind of soil fertilizer, which can improve the soil carbon-nitrogen imbalance, but it must be completely decomposed before application. Soil fertilizer can enhance soil fertility and maintain the excellent characteristics of soil. It is in the process of vegetable production. An excellent choice.
1.2 Fertilizer
Fertilizer is divided into a large number of elemental fertilizers and medium and trace element fertilizers. The large amount of elemental fertilizers mainly refers to N, P2O5 and K2O. Reasonable application of large amounts of elemental fertilizers can increase vegetable yield, and the absorption of potassium by vegetables is higher, usually nitrogen and potassium. The ratio is controlled at 1:1~2. The application of medium and trace element fertilizers usually takes into account the influence of external factors. Some trace elements and large amounts of elements have enthalpy effects, such as magnesium and potassium, zinc and phosphorus, calcium and ammonium nitrogen, and potassium fertilizers are subject to nitrogen and trace elements. The effect of extravasation and so on. The supplement of medium and trace element fertilizers should be based on the diagnosis of the missing elements in soil and vegetables, and should not be applied blindly, otherwise it will affect the growth of vegetables. In addition, for trace elements, it is best to use foliar fertilization when using.
1.3 Bio-organic fertilizer
The preferred fertilizer for greenhouse vegetables, most bio-organic fertilizers are rich in functional organisms, but they cannot replace fertilizers when used, and even if bio-organic fertilizers continue to increase the yield of greenhouse vegetables, they should not be over-reliant. When choosing bio-organic fertilizers, pay attention to some matters, such as the source of fertilizers and the content of toxic substances and heavy metals; in addition, it should be rationally selected according to the soil conditions and the purpose of use.
1.4 Water soluble fertilizer
In the greenhouse vegetable production, water-soluble fertilizer has a good application prospect, especially with humic acid water soluble fertilizer, or amino acid and alginic acid water soluble fertilizer, which has a series of excellent characteristics, such as quick effect, secondary salinization degree. Light and small damage to the soil; in addition, there are a large number of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) water soluble fertilizer. Water-soluble fertilizers should be carefully controlled during application, reducing the application of phosphorus and not using chlorine-containing fertilizers.
1.5 Functional fertilizer
This fertilizer will be promoted and utilized in the production of greenhouse vegetables in the future, including slow-release fertilizers, biological fertilizers, fertilizer synergists, soil conditioners, etc., which should be rationally applied.
2. Greenhouse vegetable scientific fertilization technology
2.1 Select organic fertilizer according to soil quality
For soils with more viscous texture, it is best to use organic fertilizers with rice husks, because these fertilizers are rich in crude fiber, which has low fertilizer efficiency and can improve clay. For sandy soil with coarse texture, it is easy to leak water and leak. It is best to apply pure manure slow-acting organic fertilizer because the fertilizer is relatively heavy and can improve the sand.
2.2 Organic fertilizer should be adequate
In order to increase the organic matter of the greenhouse soil, according to calculations, for organic fertilizers with a content of 30%, it is necessary to apply 2000kg/667m or more. The organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer needs to be decomposed, and then spread over the soil layer.
2.3 A large amount of elements should be applied adequately
In order to increase the output of greenhouse vegetables, it is necessary to apply a large amount of elemental fertilizer as a base fertilizer, such as potassium sulphate compound fertilizer 45~60 kg/667m. However, when applying the base fertilizer, try to apply less nitrogen fertilizer, especially the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. In order to increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and ensure that the greenhouse vegetables have sufficient nitrogen supply in the middle and late growth period, controlled release fertilizer can be used.
2.4 Medium and trace element fertilizer should be mixed with organic fertilizer and applied
For example, borax and zinc sulphate should be applied every other year in the application time control. The application method is to mix with organic fertilizer and then apply as base fertilizer, and the late growth stage is used for foliar fertilizer spraying. The amount of base fertilizer used is 0.5kg/667m per time. The amount of noodle fertilizer applied is 0.15~0.2kg/667m.
2.5 Rational use of biological fertilizers and soil conditioners
For bio-organic fertilizers, the current Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer, enzyme bacteria, EM bacteria, etc. have the most obvious effects, and the application range is also the most extensive. In the process of use, it should be noted that bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer cannot be applied simultaneously, and trace elements are Synergistic effect, scientific and rational application to enhance fertilizer efficiency.
2.6 Water and fertilizer integration is mainly based on topdressing
The demand for various nutrients in different stages of vegetable growth is also different. After applying the base fertilizer, it should be topdressed separately. The fertilizer for topdressing should use whole water-soluble fertilizer, and the concentration should be high. The application method is micro-spray or drip irrigation. There is a coupling between water and fertilizer, which will enhance fertilizer efficiency after integration.
3. Conclusion
Greenhouse vegetable production is inseparable from fertilizer. In order to increase the yield of greenhouse vegetables without destroying the soil structure, it is necessary to select suitable fertilizers according to the type of vegetables and different growth periods and control the dosage. At the same time, attention should be paid to the different fertilizers. affect each other. Growing vegetables is a science, to be familiar with the characteristics of commonly used fertilizers and to grasp the fertilization techniques.
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