Synthetic chemicals that regulate plant growth and development are often used in agricultural production. These are the plant growth regulators we often call. Plant growth regulators have the characteristics of small dosage, quick effect and less residue, so they are widely used in pre-season early cultivation of protected areas. Plant growth regulators can be classified into growth promoters, growth inhibitors, and growth retardants according to their functions. The following small series will introduce the rooting, fruiting and ripening regulators commonly used in vegetable cultivation.
First, growth promoter
1. Gibberellin (9:20)
1) Promote seed germination. Sowing lettuce in the high temperature season in autumn, soaking with 100mg/kg gibberellin for 2-4 hours can increase the germination rate. Seeds that need light for germination also have the effect of relieving dormancy.
2) Promote growth and increase yield. Spraying plants with 10-20mg/kg gibberellin during the growth of winter celery and coriander can increase the plant height, increase the number of leaves and increase the petiole, and harvest early and increase yield. Cauliflower is sprayed with 100mg/kg gibberellin when it is 6-8 leaves and 0.5-1.0cm thick. The flower ball can be formed early to promote early harvest. When 10 leaves of lettuce are used, spinach, amaranth, sage and other leafy vegetables can be harvested early and the yield can be increased after spraying 10-50mg/kg gibberellin for 5-10 days before harvesting. The green beans can be increased by spraying once with 10mg/kg gibberellin, and the effect is better when it is mixed with O.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The flowering rate of tomato with 50mg/kg gibberellin can increase the fruit setting rate. The flowering period of cucumber in the protected area can be increased by soaking flowers or spraying with 50mg/kg gibberellin.
3) Control the sex of the melons and induce the production of male flowers. Spraying with 50mg/kg gibberellin at the seedling stage of cucumber inhibited the production of female flowers and promoted the development of male flowers. The inhibitory effect gradually increased with the increase of concentration.
2. Naphthaleneacetic acid (a-naphthaleneacetic acid)
1) Promote the insertion of vine roots. Before the tomato planting, the base was immersed with 50mg/kg naphthaleneacetic acid for 10 minutes. The cucumber and pepper were inserted into the vine before the vinegar was inserted with 2000mg/kg naphthaleneacetic acid for 3-5 seconds to promote rooting.
2) Falling flowers and falling fruits. The pepper flowering period was sprayed with 50 mg/kg naphthaleneacetic acid, and the 667 m2 drug dosage of 4 kg was effective in improving the fruit setting rate.
3, 2, 4 - D
1) Anti-falling flowers and fruit. When the tomato is flowering, it can be immersed in 10.25rag/kg 2,4-D liquid for 2-3 seconds. It should not be repeated according to the flower treatment. Do not sprinkle it on the young leaves, usually at 9:00-11:00 am, the flowers are half open. The temperature is 20-25 ° C. Eggplant can increase the fruit setting rate by using 20-30mg/kg 2,4-D liquid in the flowering stage.
2) Improve storability. Sprinkle 50mg/kg 2,4-D once every 3-7 days before harvest, can inhibit the formation of leaf stems from the leaves and prevent detachment. Carrots and radishes spray 100mg/kg 2,4-D on the surface of the leaves 20 days before harvest, which are beneficial to storage and preservation.
4, anti-falling (promoting the spirit, tomato spirit)
When the tomato is flowering, use 20-40 mg/kg of anti-falling scented flowers or spray flowers; when the eggplant is flowering, spray with 10-50 mg/kg of anti-fallin, cucumber and watermelon to 1-2 days after flowering with 20-30mg /kg anti-falling spray, can prevent falling flowers and fruit.
5, Ethephon (a try spirit)
1) Promote maturity. When the tomato is ripe for 1 week or when the individual fruit is red line, the fruit is smeared with cotton pellets l000 mg/kg ethephon (not taken off), and the watermelon is sprayed with 200-300 mg/kg ethephon one week before the harvest, which not only promotes Precocious and can increase sweetness.
2) Control the sex of the melons. In early spring greenhouse or cucumber cultivation in autumn, the seedlings are sprayed 100-200 mg/kg ethephon once in 2-3 true leaves, and the number of female flowers can be increased by 7 times every 7 days to increase the yield.
Second, growth inhibitors
Qingshen (Shu Dan) is a commonly used growth inhibitor and its role is:
1) Suppress early convulsions. Cabbage heart or ball stage, carrots, radishes before convulsions, leaf surface spray 1000-3000mg/kg chlorophyll, 1hm2 with 750mg can prevent early emergence.
2) Inhibition of bulb germination. On the onion and garlic, about half a month before harvesting, choose 2500 mg/kg of fresh green for stem and leaf spray, and use 0.1%-0.2% neutral detergent as adhesive to make the liquid adhere to the onion and garlic leaves. .
Third, growth retardant
1. Chlormequat
Mainly used to cultivate strong seedlings. Tomato 3-4 leaf stage to 250-300 mg/kg chlormequat spray 1 week before planting, or 500 mg/kg chlormequat for 20 minutes before planting, 300 mg/kg chlormequat in eggplant seedling stage Foliar application can prevent seedlings from growing.
2. Paclobutrazol
1) Anti-Miao. When 5-8 pieces of true leaf stage of tomato, 5-6 pieces of true leaf stage of eggplant, and 6-7 cm of height of pepper seedling, spraying with 10-20 mg/kg paclobutrazol can prevent seedlings from growing.
2) Control the growth of carrots in the shoots and promote the hypertrophy of fleshy roots. 100-150 mg/kg paclobutrazol foliar spray can be used during the formation of fleshy roots, and the dosage of 667 m2 is 30-40 kg.
Fourth, the use of precautions
The application of plant growth regulators firstly selects the appropriate variety according to the crop type, growth period, and use site, and determines the concentration of the drug. When used, the dosage should be strictly controlled according to the instructions of the drug. Pay attention to solubility, drug content, and liquid properties when formulating the drug. Such as acid and alkali (ethylene dilute quickly decomposes with alkali, can not be mixed with alkaline solution), fat-soluble (gibberellin, 2,4 D, anti-fallin, etc., first dissolve with a small amount of alcohol, then dilute with water to Concentration is required. Some agents need to be added with an adhesive (spraying vegetables with a waxy layer on the leaves, usually with a neutral detergent). Many medicines are easily decomposed under strong light and should not be used in strong light. In the concentration range that is allowed to be used, the concentration of the agent used at a high temperature may be suitably lower, and when it is low, it should be suitably higher.
These are the rooting, fruiting and ripening regulators commonly used in vegetable cultivation. I hope to help you. In the process of vegetable planting, various growth regulators are always used so that the farmers can manage them in the future.
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