The cucumbers in the greenhouse are currently in the fruiting period, but the author found that some cucumbers have wilted and the whole plant died seriously, making the vegetable grower very anxious. The main reasons are fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, root rot, vine blight, etc., and fertilizer damage caused by improper fertilization.
1. Fusarium wilt. Diseased plants begin to wither from the lower leaves, and can recover sooner or later, and finally the whole plant withers. Diseased plants spilled amber jelly from the stems near the roots, and some grew white mold, the base of the diseased stems was constricted with longitudinal cracks, and the vascular bundles became brown when the diseased stems were cut longitudinally.
Control method: Use black seed pumpkin or Nanzhen No. 1 as rootstock for grafting. In the early stage of the disease, irrigate roots with 800 times solution of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and 100 times solution of Nongkang 120 fungicide, once every 7-10 days, and irrigate 2-3 times continuously. You can also use carbendazim or thiophanate methyl with a little water to make a paste and apply it to the diseased area. Apply once every 7-10 days, and apply 2-3 times in a row.
2. Bacterial fusarium wilt. At the initial stage of the disease, dark green water-stained spots appeared on the leaves and stems, the stems became thinner, and the vines and leaves above the diseased area withered first. Symptoms are similar to diseases, but the spraying of fungicides has no effect. When the stems are cut open and squeezed by hand, white pus will flow out of the vascular bundle. This is different from diseases. Vascular bundles do not change color, which is different from fungal wilt.
Control methods: strengthen field management, increase organic fertilizers, and do not use nitrogen fertilizers. Prevent and control cucumber beetles in time and reduce the way of infection. In the early stage of onset, spray 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times liquid, 14% copper ammonia water solution 300 times liquid or 50% cream copper wettable powder 600 times liquid, spray once in 7-10 days, and spray continuously 3-4 times.
3. Root rot. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased part was water-stained, then light brown to dark brown and rotted. The diseased part was not constricted, and the vascular bundles turned brown, but did not expand upward, which can be distinguished from fusarium wilt. In the later stage, the diseased tissue was broken, leaving only Filamentous vascular bundles. The plant grows slowly, the leaves wilt at noon, recover sooner or later, and gradually die.
Prevention and treatment methods: In the early stage of the disease, spray with thiophanate-methyl 70% wettable powder 800 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid or 77% wettable powder 500 times liquid spray. When the disease is serious, irrigate the roots with 1000 times solution of 50% protexine wettable powder and 1000 times solution of 70% mancozeb wettable powder.
4. Vine blight. It mainly occurs on stems and vines. Leaves and fruits can also be affected. The diseased spots on the leaves are round or semicircular. The diseased spots on the stems are oval and light brown. They are mostly grown on the stem nodes. The diseased parts overflow with amber gum. It is reddish-brown after drying, and it is chaotic after longitudinal cracks.
Prevention and treatment methods: In the early stage of the disease, use 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid or 97% hymexazol wettable powder 3000 times liquid for spray control, or use the above drugs Irrigate the root, or make a paste and apply it to the diseased part.
5. Fertilizer damage. Part of the shed base applied too much chemical fertilizer, and blindly applied chemical fertilizers, which made the soil solution concentration too large, resulting in no new roots, and the water and nutrients absorbed by the roots could not meet the requirements of cucumber growth and development, resulting in the death of the melon seedlings.
Prevention and control methods: if wilting caused by fertilizer damage, water should be watered 1-3 times according to the situation, and water pressure fertilizer should be used to reduce fertilizer damage. At the same time, increase the interval of topdressing and reduce the number of topdressing. After slowing the seedling, topdressing some humic acid-containing Instant fertilizer.
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