The ramosa1 mutation in corn was isolated as early as a century ago. The mutant corn of this gene was once considered a new breed of maize Zea ramosa. The genetic map of early-mature edible corn placed the ramosa1 gene in a single locus and was considered to be an evolutionary return of maize. Recently, scientists from Cold Spring Harbor discovered that this gene controls the branching structure of the inflorescence. The article was published as a magazine cover article in the latest issue of Nature. The appearance of a flowering plant is determined by the inflorescence. The inflorescence is the generic name for the axis and the flower on which it was created, and may also refer to the different forms of the flower on the axis of the flower, such as panicles, spikes, etc. The branching pattern of plants is determined by apical meristems. Therefore, the pattern of inflorescences reflects the number, distribution, and activity of the meristems, and the meridian activity time associated with the length of the meristems. The ear of corn differs from other gramineous plants such as rice and sorghum and has a long cob, and corn is relatively short. The product of the ramosa1 gene is a transcription factor, and the researchers confirmed that it can control the inflorescence architecture. The site of expression is located at the base of the primary meristem. When the gene is first born, it determines that the corn can only grow in length and length. Another gene, ramosa2, acts by regulating the expression of the ramosa1 gene. The transcription factor encoded by the ramosa1 gene is absent in rice and expressed in different phases in sorghum. Therefore, the ramosa1 gene may play an important role in the domestication of corn and the evolution of gramineous plants. The ramosa1 corn mutant, which was first isolated a century ago, was once considered a new species and is called Zea ramosa because it resembles "raw" herbs. Ramosa1 is considered to be a return to the Zea mays, an early genetic map that puts it at a single site. Now Vollbrecht et al. isolated ramosa1 and found that it controls the branching architecture of the inflorescence (the area where the plant blossoms, determining the shape of a plant). The corn cob we are familiar with does not have long branches, unlike the inflorescences of related herbs. Ramosa1 encodes a transcription factor (which is not found in rice, which is regulated in different ways in sorghum) and has undergone strong selection during corn domestication. This finding is consistent with the view that ramosa1 plays a key role in evolution: it may also be useful for future crop breeding. The cover of this issue shows a ramosa1 ear, which is produced on plants with highly branched ears.
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