The broccoli alias green cauliflower, commonly known as broccoli, is a cruciferous plant. Because of its good quality and delicious flavor, it is popular in our province. The cultivation of broccoli in the winter greenhouse in the solar greenhouse is on the market in the winter season, and the economic benefits are considerable.
1. Selection of good varieties
In addition to the medium-ripening green ridge, the winter cultivar can also use the precocious Tokyo green. Its characteristic is that the branching force is extremely strong, the main side flower ball is collected, the plant is short, but the plant shape is compact, the flower ball is hemispherical, the heat and cold resistance is strong, and the adaptability is wide.
2. Open field nursery
1 Make a high-dry plot to make a high-flying live bed before bed sowing. The bed is 1.8m wide and the bed is 10cm high, depending on the amount of seeding. The seedbed is applied with high-quality farmyard manure 2kg/m2, compound fertilizer 100g/m2, and 10cm bed soil is evenly mixed and then flattened. The bed is buckled with a small arch shed, which is rainproof when it is warm, and cold when it is cold.
2 Sowing 10 months before using the watering can to pour the seedbed to the bottom of the water, sprinkle the seed, cover the soil 1cm. 25g of seed per acre and 5-6m2 of live bed. After the broadcast, buckle the small arch shed to speed up the emergence of the seedlings, but pay attention to prevent high temperatures. Most of the seeds are ventilated when they emerge, avoiding baking.
3 seedling period management does not exceed 20 °C during the day after emergence, and not less than 5 °C during the night. The bed soil is not dry or watered to prevent the seedlings from growing. When two true leaves are used, the seedlings are transplanted, and they are generally transferred to the nutrient bowl. The upper mouth has a diameter of 8 cm, a height of 8 cm, and a lower mouth diameter of 6 cm. The composition of the nutrient soil in the sputum is 30% of decomposed horse manure, 10% of pig manure, 40% of field soil, and 20% of ash. The seedlings are planted when there are 5 to 6 true leaves.
3. Colonization
Fertilization on the ground. Before planting, the rotten leaves of the former crops in the greenhouse should be cleaned and ploughed. Combine the land preparation with 5000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 30kg of superphosphate, and then make a large ridge of 60cm; Seedlings are planted in a solar greenhouse from late September to early October. Planed to sit on water planting seedlings, plant spacing 33 ~ 45cm.
4. Growth period management
1 The temperature is fixed and the seedlings are reinforced, and the shed temperature is kept at 20 °C ~ 22 °C during the day. Entering the rosette period, the shed temperature during the day is maintained at 18 °C ~ 20 °C. Ventilation should be carried out before the minimum outside temperature is not lower than 5 °C. Start to reduce ventilation below 5 °C, and strengthen the cold and insulation work, especially the outside temperature drops below 0 °C, cover the grass at night and cover the paper according to the specific situation. If the room temperature exceeds 25 ° C at noon, it is still necessary to ventilate for a short time, otherwise the flower ball will grow abnormally. During the expansion of the flower bulb, the room temperature is preferably maintained at 15 ° C ~ 18 ° C during the day, but once the room temperature is lower than 5 ° C in the morning, it should be heated by an open flame.
2 The growth and development of broccoli requires strong light. Insufficient light, the plant's long flower ball becomes smaller, so try to uncover the grass cover as early as possible and keep the front house clean. Conditional can be placed on the north side of the planting or the back wall of the polyester aluminized film reflective curtain.
3 Watering broccoli can not be short of water during the growing period. In addition to properly controlling the water in the rosette period, the number of watering should be increased after the buds to keep the soil moist, but avoid water accumulation.
4 topdressing due to the long growing period of winter broccoli, the yield is high, should be topdressed multiple times. Generally, about 20 days after planting and the main flower ball appear, each time the fertilizer is mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the main flower ball is harvested, it is chased one or two times to promote the growth and development of the lateral flower ball. Each time, 7.5 kg of urea, 5 kg of superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied per acre with water. After the first top dressing, it is necessary to carry out 1 cultivating loose soil and appropriate soil.
5. Pests and diseases of broccoli in the greenhouse
1 Cabbage downy mildew disease conditions. The bacteria can overwinter in the mother roots and soil, sometimes mixed with the seeds for wintering. The temperature in the shed is between 16 °C and 24 °C, and the relative humidity is 70% to 75%, which is conducive to the invasion and development of pathogens; prevention and control measures. As long as the low temperature, high temperature and humidity are controlled, the downy mildew can be prevented. After discovering the central diseased plant, if the minimum temperature in the shed is more than 5 °C for 3 consecutive days, it can be smashed once every other day. That is, the temperature of the shed reaches 31 ° C ~ 35 ° C before and after noon and keeps 2 ~ 2.5 hours, and then large ventilation. Because the downy mildew is greatly reduced in the high temperature conditions above 30 ° C, the initial stage of the disease can be controlled by spray, usually 40% ethyl phosphine aluminum wettable powder 200 ~ 300 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid, spray once every 5 to 7 days.
2 cabbage soft rot disease incidence conditions. The pathogens mainly overwinter on the diseased plants, and they can also winter with the mother roots. The suitable temperature for the development of pathogens is 25 ° C ~ 30 ° C, but the bacteria are not resistant to dryness and sunlight, generally invading plants from the wound; control measures. According to the characteristics that the bacteria are not resistant to dryness and high temperature, measures for reducing humidity and increasing temperature can be adopted in ecological control to control the onset. The first is the use of submerged drip irrigation, which not only saves water, but also reduces soil moisture, while reducing soil moisture evaporation and preventing leaf contact with bacteria in the soil. The second is to ventilate at 10 to 11 o'clock every day. During this time, the effect of releasing air and dehumidifying is good, and it does not affect the noon temperature increase. It can also be used for chemical control, such as spraying 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 3000-4000 times liquid, or neomycin oxytetracycline 4000 times liquid, spraying once every 10 days, even spraying 2 to 3 times.
6. Harvest
The flower ball has been fully grown, the color is green, and the surface is round and compact for the harvest. Use a knife to incline the main flower shaft to prevent the water from rot in the wound. After the main flower ball is harvested, the side flower ball can be grown and harvested from mid-December to the end of the second year of March.
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