1 basic principles of potato fertilization
In the seedling stage, the amount of fertilizers sucked by the potatoes is relatively small, until the hair growth period, the amount of fat absorption will greatly increase, until the initial stage of tuberculosis, the amount of fat absorption will reach the highest peak, since then, the amount of fat absorption will decline rapidly The amount of fertilizer needed in the middle and early stages accounted for more than 70% of the total amount of fertilizer absorbed by potatoes. When fertilizing, it should be based on the application of organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, base fertilizer-based, top-dressing as an aid to the main elements of large quantities, supplemented by trace elements as the basic principle. In order to achieve the balance and standardization of fertilization, the pre-promotion, the mid-control, and the post-insurance should be implemented, and the N, P is mainly used in the early stage to promote the potato to achieve early-onset and fast-growing, and more branches can be made to achieve high yields. Effect. In the middle stage of potato growth, there is no need to apply fertilizer. The purpose is to control the length and length of potato stems and leaves, and to ensure that the potato tubers can be scientifically formed and gradually expand. In the later stages, the foliar spray should be carried out to prevent premature yellowing of the leaves of the potatoes, thereby accelerating the photosynthesis rate of the leaves, thereby providing sufficient nutrients for the growth of the potatoes.
2 Application of Potato Balanced Fertilization Technology
In the new period, when planting potatoes, fertilization technology has attracted much attention. It directly affects the actual nutrients of potatoes and can provide appropriate fertilization services according to the different growth stages of potatoes. In this study, the full use of balanced fertilization techniques, mainly to the traditional blind fertilization gradually shift to the direction of quantitative fertilization, from the previous single fertilizer gradually to the direction of organic fertilizer, but also with the application of some chemical fertilizers, and then To achieve the purpose of increasing crop yield, saving fertilizer, improving quality, increasing income, and balancing soil nutrients. The following detailed analysis of the specific balanced fertilization technology.
2.1 emphasis on the application of base fertilizer
In terms of dosage, the basal fertilizer usually accounts for 70% of the total fertilizing amount, and the applied basal fertilization is based on decomposed farmyard manure, and it is also used with certain N, P and K fertilizers. When fertilizing, if the plot produces 667m2 of 2000.0kg potatoes, 3200kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 45kg of superphosphate, 18kg of urea, and 12kg of potassium sulfate should be applied. If the yield of the plot is higher, the amount of fertilizer should be increased. When fertilizing, the fertilizer should be applied to a position 4.5 cm away from potato seed potatoes to avoid burning. When the basal fertilizer is applied in the early stage, the organic fertilizer should be applied on the surface of the arable land. When applying the chemical fertilizer, the centralized furrow should be developed before planting, and the depth of the furrow is usually about 15.0 cm.
2.2 Scientific application of fertilizer
When sowing, a certain amount of seed fertilizer should be applied, and ditch application method should be applied. The application of diammonium phosphate 7kg/667m2, the depth of application of seed fertilizer should be about 5cm deeper than the seed. Seeds and seed fertilizers should be separated and treated in a timely manner. If they cannot be separated, it is forbidden to carry seed fertilizer.
2.3 Early application of fertilizer
In the potato seedling stage, the best fertilizer treatment should be timely, and the top N fertilizer application, according to the actual cultivation of cultivator soil, topdressing urea amount of 4kg/667m2; wait until budding stage, topdressing urea 7kg/667m2, potassium sulfate 8kg/667m2. The ditch should be opened at a distance of 4cm from the root of the plant, and the ditch or hole should be used. After fertilization is completed, the soil should be used to cover the area tightly so as to achieve the purpose of promoting early-onset seedling growth. After the potato blossoms, it is not necessary to top-dress in the rhizosphere, in particular, no nitrogen fertilizer can be applied.
2.4 Doing Foliage Topdressing Work
During the period of tuber formation and expansion of potatoes, top dressing should be carried out on the leaves. The main use is to spray organic fertilizers to spray wet operation. The spraying frequency is 3 times to achieve the balance of nutrition and prevent the occurrence of late stages. Yellow leaf problem. When applying foliar fertilizer, ensure that each time 667m2 uses 35mL of Penshibao against 50kg of water, continuous spraying is applied with an interval of 8 to 10 days.
3 Conclusion
In order to increase the economic level of potato cultivation and increase the output of potato cultivation, it will seek higher economic profits for growers. If we want to meet this goal, we should pay attention to the scientific application of balanced fertilization technology, set a scientific fertilization plan and fertilization program, and strictly control the fertilization parameters, so as to provide the necessary nutrients for potato growth. The application of potato balanced fertilization technology should be done with basal fertilization treatment, emphasizing early application of top dressing and foliar dressing, thereby increasing potato yield and quality, in order to provide more economic benefits for growers.
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