With the gradual expansion of the cultivation of eggplant in the facility, the problem of continuous cropping has begun to increase year by year, and soil-borne diseases such as verticillium wilt are frequent. In recent years, many large planting households have tried the greenhouse eggplant grafting technology, which not only solves the problem of continuous cropping, but also increases the yield and economic benefits. Although eggplant grafting is easy to master, the following key technologies must be operated accurately.
1. Strict selection of rootstocks and scions. Choose early-maturing varieties with low temperature tolerance, low light intensity, strong disease resistance, small plant opening degree, fast fruit development, good coloration, and grafted eggplant rootstocks and scion varieties suitable for local cultivation. By performing different screening tests on different rootstock combinations, Torubam is the best rootstock variety for grafting eggplant.
2. Cultivate robust rootstock and scion seedlings. If the eggplant rootstock or scion of the eggplant is infected with soil-borne diseases, there is still disease after grafting. Therefore, when the eggplant is seedling, the seeds and seedbeds should be strictly disinfected.
3. Seeding in the wrong phase. Torubam germinated slowly, 30 to 40 days earlier than the scion, and the timing of scioning was determined according to the growth of the rootstock.
4. Grafting method. Before the grafting, it is necessary to build a small arch shed and shade it with straw curtains and old newspapers. When the rootstock grows to 6~8 true leaves, the scion grows to 5~7 true leaves, and the stem is 3~5è¡„ thick. The semi-lignification is the best grafting period. Grafting by splicing method, cut the upper part at 4 cm height of the rootstock, and keep 2~3 true leaves. It should not be too high or too short, otherwise it will affect the survival. The scion seedlings should be properly controlled before the grafting of the semi-lignified roots. In order to prevent brittle and cleft palate when grafting. After grafting, put the nursery on the seedbed, pour the water, and put it in the small arched shed. Be careful not to pour the water above the incision to prevent the disease.
5. Management of seedling stage after grafting. After grafting, high temperature and high humidity should be used to promote wound healing. Generally, 9 to 10 days after grafting is the healing period, which is a key period to improve the survival rate of grafting. During this period, temperature, humidity and light management should be strengthened. Shading is required within the first 3 days, 25~28°C during the day, 18~20°C during the night, and 90%~95% humidity. After 3 days, the scattered light is visible, and the temperature and humidity are gradually reduced, 23~26°C during the day, 17~20°C at night, and about 80% humidity. After 6 days, the film on both sides of the small shed can be opened and the air vent can be gradually enlarged. After 8~10 days, remove the small arch shed, remove the grafting clip, and transfer to the normal eggplant cultivation management. Shade well after grafting to prevent strong light. After 3 days, uncover the cover and put in low light. When the grafted seedlings are wilting, shading is performed again, which gradually increases the light intensity and prolongs the illumination time. When the grafted seedlings are not wilting at noon, the cover can be removed. Conduct normal management.
6. Management of the interface after healing. After grafting, the grafted seedlings can survive in about 10~12 days. In the management, the rootstock sprouting and yellowing leaves should be removed in time, and the un-lived seedlings should be removed. When the scion grows to 5~6 true leaves, the grafting clips are removed and waiting for planting. When planting, the soil should not exceed the interface. Otherwise, the eggplant grows out of the adventitious root and loses the role of grafting and disease prevention.
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