The cultivation area of ​​facility crops in Shandong Province is over 200,000 hectares. Through the soil disinfection technology of 98% cotton granules, the soil disinfection, activation and restoration of soil-borne diseases and insect pests in facility crops are completed, and the varieties are resistant and resistant. Control the optimization of soil-borne disease technology combination, so that soil-borne diseases can be reduced by more than 85%, and the yield increased by more than 25%. The soil fertilizer utilization rate is increased by more than 30%, and the acid and salinization ions are reduced by more than 70%. The continuous planting rate of the crop cultivation area will reach 100%, and the net increase of 666.7 m2 is expected to be more than 25%.
Technical points
1. Fine land preparation. Before using the cotton ridge, first deep-turn (about 30cm), and then use the rotary tiller to hit the ground, so that the soil particles are fine and uniform.
2. Maintain soil moisture (60% to 70%). To maintain soil moisture 60% to 70%. In the case of continuous sunny weather, if the humidity is less than 60% to 70%, it is necessary to pour the ground in advance to keep the soil moist. Watering is maintained for 3 to 4 days (humidity can be agglomerated by hand, and can be dispersed after 1 meter height), so that nematodes and pathogens and grass seeds can germinate and are more easily killed by cotton gas. Humidity is too small (40% or less), the particles of cotton lumps cannot be completely decomposed, and the humidity is too large (70%). It is not conducive to the flow of cotton blast gas between soil particles, the soil sticks to the feet, and the sticky plough is not conducive to field operation. The effect is poor.
3. Be sure to apply evenly when applying. Farmers who are used to using earthworms as base fertilizers must pay attention to the first thing. Sprinkle the soil and manure (chicken, duck, manure, pig, sheep, sheep and feces, etc.) into the shed, and then use the rotary tiller to evenly beat the soil (the pathogens in the manure together) Fumigation kills). Spread the cotton stalk evenly in the soil, then use the rotary tiller again to mix. The application method has all the ground application, ditch application, strip application, etc. according to different needs, and the required dose per 30 cm depth is 30-50 g/m2.
When the soil-borne pests and diseases are serious, use high doses, and lightly use low doses. In order to avoid secondary infection of the soil, farmyard manure (chicken manure, etc.) must be added before disinfection. Because cotton stalks have the principle of extinction, biological fertilizers cannot be used at the same time. Immediately after application, mix the soil with a rotary tiller at a depth of 25 to 30 cm to allow the agent to fully contact the soil particles. The use of the greenhouse should ensure that the column and corners are in place. In order to prevent disinfection is not complete, leaving behind trouble.
4. Use the correct plastic sheet. The covered plastic cloth should not be too thin (some mulch, this is absolutely impossible), it is best to cover it with a non-permeable film (non-breathable) or with a plastic film of 4 or more wires. Immediately after the rotary tillage, the airtight plastic film is covered, and the four sides are sealed by the groove pressing method (inside pressing), and the film is not damaged. It is better to use a new film to prevent the gas leakage from reducing the disinfection effect. And from the beginning of the rotary tilling to the end of the cover film, the shorter the better, it is best to complete in 2 to 3 hours, reducing the evaporation of active ingredients, because the proportion of gas decomposed by cotton in water is 0.83, which runs from bottom to top. Therefore, the plastic film can not be damaged, otherwise it will reduce the efficacy.
5. Maintain a certain coverage time. After film mulching, according to the temperature, seal and disinfect for 15 to 30 days, not less than 12 days.
6. Ensure that the air is completely closed and that there is no residual phytotoxicity. Remove the film, loosen the soil at the same depth of 30cm, breathe for more than 7 days, and then take the soil to make safe germination test with cabbage or other easily germinated seeds, and then activate and raise the seedlings after safety.
7. Soil activation. Select high-content composite biological fungi products, activate the disinfected soil before crop planting, treat the deep-turned soil by 30 cm, level the fine, and maintain 70% soil moisture to improve the treatment effect. Immediately after application, mix the soil with a rotary tiller at a depth of 25 to 30 cm to allow the agent to fully contact the soil particles. The use of the greenhouse should ensure that the column and corners are in place.
Precautions
1. The optimum application temperature is above 12 °C.
2. Apply high temperature in summer, before 9:00 in the morning and after 4 in the afternoon.
3. In the two crop planting areas, before using the second crop, avoid using the unfertilized farmyard manure or disinfecting the farmyard manure and applying or using organic fertilizer. If conditions permit, the soil can be directly disinfected by applying lime nitrogen. The effect of disinfection.
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