Henan Sweet Crisp is a new variety of early-maturing, white-skinned, crispy and oval melons newly cultivated by Henan Agricultural University Yuyi Seed Industry. Yu sweet and crisp perfectly combines the advantages of the muskmelon female and the thick-skinned melon parent. Its growth potential is stable, the fruit setting is neat, and the commodity rate is high. It is suitable for early spring greenhouse and greenhouse cultivation. This variety is a type of early-maturing melon, which can be supplied to the high-end market in advance and obtain better returns. It is matured about 35 days (days) after flowering, white melon skin, long oval fruit, about 17.5% sugar content, small seed cavity, strong fruit setting ability, single fruit quality 1.5kg, single vine pruning planting 667m2 planting 1800- 2000 strains, the first batch of melon production is about 3000kg.
1 seedling time
The sweet and crispy cover is cultivated in the greenhouse in the spring area of ​​Henan Province. The seedling time is generally in the middle of January and is planted in the middle and late February. The greenhouse is covered by a single-layer film, and the seedling time is generally in the middle of February, and is planted in the middle and late March. Spring seedlings are suitable for about 40 days of seedling age, or seedlings have 3-4 true leaves.
2 preparation and colonization of greenhouse cultivation
2.1 early filming
Under normal circumstances, most growers will remove the film and use the low temperature in winter to kill harmful organisms. However, in order to effectively increase the ground temperature in the shed before planting, the greenhouse should be covered 30-40 days before planting.
2.2 Deeply turning over the land
In order to create a good root growth environment for the post-planted melon, the land should be turned over as much as possible while applying the base fertilizer. For the serious plots of root-knot nematodes, the damage of root-knot nematode to root growth can be alleviated by combining deep-turning 667m2 application line No. 1 (active ingredient thiazophos) 2kg or Ligen sand (active ingredient avermectin) 4kg.
2.3 application of base fertilizer
According to the soil fertility in the shed, 667m2 septic cooked pig manure 2000-5000kg or chicken manure 2000-3000kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound fertilizer 50kg.
2.4 Soil disinfection
In order to overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping, grafting or soil disinfection can be used to reduce the impact of soil-borne diseases on the growth and development of melon. The soil can be disinfected with 75% chlorothalonil WP or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP, and the 1:50 medicinal soil can be evenly applied to the soil of the turtle's back soil when the soil is turned over. The dosage of 667m2 is 0.5-1kg. .
2.5 trenching (doing 畦)
In the north-south direction of Guagou, it is best to use wide and narrow rows for convenient management. The distance between the groove center is 1.2-1.4m, the width of the groove is 60-80cm, the depth of the groove is 20-30cm, and the width of the turtle is 60cm.
2.6 film
The gully adopts a full-covering method, which can effectively reduce the humidity of the air, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases. It is best to use submerged drip irrigation to reduce the humidity in the shed.
2.7 colonization
When the temperature of 10cm soil layer in the spring shed is stable at 13 °C, it can be colonized. In order to effectively use the space and improve the light utilization rate, the lotus root surface is planted in a triangular manner, with a plant spacing of 60 cm and 667 m2 planting about 1800 plants. In the process of transplanting and managing the melon seedlings, it is necessary to avoid stepping on the planting noodles so as not to affect the soil looseness and permeability of the melon roots.
3 greenhouse management
3.1 temperature and humidity management
After the melon is planted, measures should be taken according to the weather conditions to meet the temperature requirements of different melon growth and development periods. 5-7 days after planting, try not to let the wind or less air, keep the temperature at 28-32 °C during the day, 15 °C at night, and keep the soil temperature above 13 °C to facilitate the slow seedling. The temperature during daytime control is controlled at 23-28 ° C and 15-18 ° C during the night. Flowering fruit setting period is 25-30 °C during the day and 15-18 °C during the night. The fruit expansion period is controlled at 25-32 ° C during the day and 15-20 ° C during the night.
According to the characteristics of the variety. In the spring greenhouse, the air humidity is controlled at 55%-60% during the day and 75%-80% at night, which is most beneficial to the growth and development of melon. High humidity and low temperature at night can easily cause fungal diseases and bacterial diseases. Therefore, measures to reduce the humidity of the air in the shed are adopted. In addition to the mulching film, the irrigation should be controlled in the early stage, the ventilation and dehumidification should be strengthened in the middle stage, and the air humidity should be reduced by using no dripping film.
3.2 Pruning, scaffolding or hanging
3.2.1 Pruning method The thick-skinned melon pruning method is different from the open-faced melon, and the type of pruning used depends on the variety characteristics and planting density. According to the growth characteristics of sweet and crisp. You can use a single vine pruning, choose one melon, or you can use two vines to choose two melons. The use of double vine pruning can save the amount of seed, the planting density in the field should be less appropriate, but the field operation workload is larger. The use of single vine pruning is more labor-saving and can make melon early maturity.
When the single vine is pruned, the main vines should be removed under 10 knots. Choose 11-15 vines to sit on the melons. The vines on the vines are 1-2 days before flowering. Combine the scented flowers and leave 2 leaves in the front of the melon. Only one melon is left in the plant, and the remaining vines are removed after sitting on the melon. The main vines are topped for 22-25 knots. And leave the top 1-2 vines to keep the second batch of melons. The second batch of melons can be matured around 28 days after pollination or silk flowering.
When the double vines are pruned, the main vines of 3-4 true leaves are topped in time, and 2 healthy vines are selected, and the vines below 8 knots are removed, and 8-12 sections of the vines are selected, and each plant can be kept for 2 melons. , remove the remaining vines, the son vines 20 beats.
3.2.2 Rack or hanging vine
The scaffold can be used for adult or fence-shaped brackets. Plastic ropes can also be used to hang the vines. When the plants grow to 40-50cm, they can be racked or hanged.
3.3 artificial aided pollination, melon, hanging melon
Due to the low insect activity in the spring shed, artificial pollination should be carried out in time or the use of pyridoxine should improve the fruit setting rate and the uniformity of the sitting melon node. This variety has a strong ability to set fruit. Generally, the whole pollination or flowering work can be completed in about 2 days, and the melons are neatly arranged, that is, the harvesting period of the melons is consistent. The pollination or silk flower treatment time is carried out from 7:00 to 10:00, and the healthy male flowers are used to evenly wipe the petals on the head of the female flower, or the date is recorded by using the bismuth flower.
One or two melons can be selected depending on the single vine or the double vine. When the young fruit is 0.3-0.5kg, start to hang the melon, use the net bag to cover the young melon and then hang the net bag, or use a nylon rope to hang the wire on the wire or cross bar above the shed.
3.4 Fertilizer management
The water supply should be based on the water requirements of different stages of development of melon. The general principle is that the seedling period should be less, in order to facilitate the root system: the vine and flowering period should be appropriate to ensure the plant growth and flower bud formation and the water supply required for pollination; the fruit expansion period should be sufficient. Adequate water supply in this period is one of the key factors to ensure fruit enlargement: less maturity, control of water supply after the shape of the melons stops growing, stop watering 7 days before harvesting, control the water supply during ripening is beneficial to melon Increased sugar content and improved quality.
According to the application amount of the base fertilizer and the growth condition of the plant, the fertilizer can be appropriately applied according to the situation, and can be carried out during the growth and development of different plants. The vine can be used for 667m2 of diammonium phosphate or 10-15kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and it can be applied from the hole of 10-15cm of melon root or combined with watering. During the fruit expansion period, 30 kg of high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer can be used in combination with watering.
3.5 pest control
Root-knot nematode is the most deadly soil-borne disease in the cultivation of melon, especially the former crop is a solanaceous crop. The most effective method for controlling root-knot nematodes is to apply the sterilized No. 1 granules, which are combined with the acupoints at the time of cultivation and planting, and then diluted 600-800 times with 1.8% avermectin, 250 mL per plant. 1-2 times, can effectively control the root knot nematode damage. Fungal diseases should be based on prevention. Spraying mancozeb 5-7d once during the growth of melon can effectively inhibit the germination of 95% fungal spores and form a protective film on the leaves. In the epidemic of fungal diseases, therapeutic agents such as high-quality metalaxyl manganese zinc and difenoconazole can be selected and controlled. Large air humidity can easily cause blight, and can be directly applied to the affected part of the plant with metalaxyl manganese zinc or difenoconazole powder, which has a good effect. Bacterial diseases can be controlled by 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate, 6% chunleimycin wettable powder, 33.5% quinolinone suspension. Viral diseases are mainly prevention, and the transmission route of viral diseases is cut off. Covering insect-proof nets is the most effective measure to control the transmission of poisonous vectors such as aphids and whitefly. In addition, yellow plate trapping and 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 20% acetamiprid water soluble liquid spray can be used to control the transmission of insecticides such as B. tabaci and aphids. The control of leaf miner can be controlled by chlortetracycline. Please refer to the drug instruction manual for the concentration and dosage of the above pesticides to ensure safe drug use.
3.6 harvesting
According to the maturity of the fruit, it should be harvested at the right time. When picking, the vine should be cut and trimmed into a “T†shaped fruit stalk. The taste of sweet and crispy taste is different: the fruit has a slight sour taste when ripening, the ratio of sugar to acid can reach the best ratio, and the taste is sweet and sour; after the ripening of nine, the sour taste disappears, the taste is crispy and sweet, and the taste is similar to that of thin melon. It also has a salient feature: the fruit is fully matured over a longer period of time. It can still keep the taste crisp and sweet, and has strong resistance to storage and transportation.
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