With the shift of rural labor force, provincial workers, cost-saving, and efficiency-enhanced rapeseed direct seeding cultivation techniques have been favored by farmers. After several years of promotion, the application of this technology has reduced the cost per 667 square meters (1 acre) from 80 to 100 yuan per unit area after ploughing, and the unit area yield has slightly increased or remained unchanged. At the same time, no-tillage also prevents the loss of water, soil, and fertilizer, and improves soil conservation. No-tillage live broadcasting can relieve the contradiction of labor, animal power, and mechanical tension without mistaking agricultural time. Fight for the season. The reproductive characteristics and main cultivation techniques of rapeseed direct seeding are described below.
1. No-tillage rapeseed fertility characteristics 1 early leaf block. The rape live broadcast avoids pulling the bumps on the branches when transplanting the rape. After the planting, the problem of yellowing is slow, so the early leaves are fast and the nutrients grow fast, which makes up for the lack of late planting. Although the delay is 20 to 25 days after the transplanting of rape, the total number of leaves is only less than that of transplanting rapeseed. 2 leaves.
2 plant roots shallow. Live rape is seedling growth of rapeseed seeded directly on the surface of the soil. Unlike the seedling planting of transplanted rapeseed, the roots of the rapeseed are shallow and the wind is prone to lodging under the late stage.
3 Little effective branching. The live rapeseed plants are small, effectively branching 5 to 6 at a time, focusing on 40 to 90 cm height from the plants, with less secondary branches. The yield depends mainly on the main inflorescence and the primary branches. The planting density of high-yielding fields must be maintained at 15,000-20,000 plants per 667 square meters.
4 The whole growth period is short.
Live rape can be sown in mid-to late October. Mature in the second half of May, about 210 days in the whole growth period. Transplanting rapeseed sowing in late September. They were transplanted in the middle of the month and matured in the middle or late May of the second year. The whole growth period was about 230 days. The live rapeseed grows for 20 days shorter than transplanting rapeseed.
2. The main technical measures
1. Early field preparation. It is required to focus on contiguous planting as much as possible. Avoid bunches of flowers to prevent lower rapeseed quality. Daejeon requires moisture and cuts water 5 to 7 days before the late rice harvest. The mowing requirement requires cutting rice piles as low as possible, and paving the cut stalks throughout the field. Avoid the impact of sprouting rice straw. For every 667 square meters, use 10% glyphosate 400-500 ml to spray 40 kg of water evenly throughout the field. Control the old field grass, so that it can be sown 3 to 5 days later.
2. Open the three ditch in time. "One oil and one rice" is a major farming method in southern China. The application of the no-till direct seeding technique for rapeseeds requires the harvesting of rice bran in the harvest of single-season rice. Can't stay high piles. Immediately after the close, three trenches (a trench, a gutter, and a trench) were opened. The width is 1.5 meters, the width is 20 centimeters, and the depth is 15 centimeters; the width of the gutter groove is 20 centimeters, and the ditch depth is 18 centimeters: the ditch is 20 centimeters wide and the ditch is 21 centimeters deep. Grate the gully evenly on the surface. In order to take advantage of the whole face.
3. Choose a good breed. Improved varieties are the basis for high yields, and attention should be paid to the application of improved varieties in production. Generally, the selection of improved varieties should be based on the local climatic conditions, the variety characteristics of rape, and the cultivation objectives. Zhejiang No. 6, Zheshuang 72, Huyou 15, Huaza No. 4 and Zheshuang 758 can be selected as high quality and low yield rapeseed varieties in Zhejiang Province.
4. Pay attention to timely sowing. One must apply basic fertilizer: 40 to 50 kg of organic compound fertilizer per 667 square meters, or 1,000 kg of bar fertilizer, and 0.5 kg of borax should be applied throughout the field. Second, timely planting, planting period in mid-to-late October. The mountains can be reached as early as the beginning of October and the end of October at the latest. For every 667 square meters, 0.2-0.3 kilograms are used, which can be drilled, broadcasted, and broadcast on demand. The use of hole sowing, 667 square meters density 7000 to 8000 points: using drill, row spacing 35 to 40 cm: after sowing with Hsinchu broom swept the surface, so that rapeseed rolled into the soil, and covered with a thin layer of soil to facilitate Emergence.
5. Strengthen field management. One to seedling, make up the seedlings: 2 to 3 leaf stage for thinning, 4 to 5 leaf stage Dingmiao fill seedlings. To make the entire field dense and uniform, growth consistent, 15,000 to 20,000 seedlings per 667 square meters. Second, scientific fertilization: The principle of fertilization is to apply basic fertilizers. Apply Miaofei early, re-apply wax fertilizer and apply fertilizer steadily. Normal seedling fertilizer in the 4 to 5 leaves per 667 square meters with urea 3 to 5 kg: pouring water. Wafer fertilizer applies between 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms of organic fertilizer or 10 kilograms of urea per 667 square meters between Osmaki and the Great Cold. The fertilizer is applied at a height of 3 to 5 cm, and 5 to 8 kg of urea is applied per 667 square meters. The previous application of potash is insufficient, and potassium chloride is added to 3 kg. Third, weeding should be done chemically: rapeseed direct seeding cultivation should do well in weeding work, and the “one kill, two seals, three fills†technology should be the best weed control effect, which can reduce weeding and labor. reduce manufacturing cost. The main use is to spray glyphosate herbicides in the first 3 to 5 days before the site is fully sprayed, killing the weeds on the ground. When sowing, we spray them with pre-emergence herbicides from the Knoss Dryland to make the soil surface. The formation of a protective layer to seal the weed seed germination grows out of the mud surface, but pay attention, do not damage the drug soil layer after spraying: Qi Qimiao according to the grass after the rational selection of herbicides on the road to supplement, that is, grasshopper miscellaneous Grass-based rape field. Available per 667 square meters of 10.8% high-efficient gaiseng EC to 20 to 30 milliliters of water to 50 kilos, in the weeds of 3 to 5 leaf-phase sprays: dominated by broadleaf weeds, with high tec 25 to 30 ml of water 50 kg, 6-8 leaf stage in the rape spray control: Gramineous weeds, broadleaf weed mixed, available 17.5% per knife 667 square knives EC 100 ~ 140 ml water 40 kg, in the weeds 2 ~ 4 leaves Spray control. Fourth, to prevent drought and drought: In case of autumn and winter drought. General irrigation 1 or 2 times. At the same time insist on doing a good job before the rain, cultivate the earth and protect the roots, clear the ditch after the rain. Flood prevention, reduce the humidity in the field. Fifth, pest control, due to the density of live rapeseed transplanting than seedlings. Generally, during the prosperous period of twitching, do a good job of yellowing leaves and leaves to facilitate ventilation and lightening and reduce pests and diseases. The pests of rape are mainly aphids and cabbage caterpillars, which can be controlled by pesticides such as imidacloprid and fipronil in November and mid-March. The main diseases are Sclerotinia and downy mildew. First, we must carry out agricultural control, do a good job of trenching in the field, and reduce the humidity in the field. Chemical control is from early flowering to full bloom. Use 50% carbendazim 100 g or 25% Bacteria (to make 100 grams) 20 to 40 ml, spray 50 kg of water evenly, mix 100 grams of borax to prevent flowering.
Author: Zhejiang Jingning County Agricultural Bureau Grain and Oil Station
1. No-tillage rapeseed fertility characteristics 1 early leaf block. The rape live broadcast avoids pulling the bumps on the branches when transplanting the rape. After the planting, the problem of yellowing is slow, so the early leaves are fast and the nutrients grow fast, which makes up for the lack of late planting. Although the delay is 20 to 25 days after the transplanting of rape, the total number of leaves is only less than that of transplanting rapeseed. 2 leaves.
2 plant roots shallow. Live rape is seedling growth of rapeseed seeded directly on the surface of the soil. Unlike the seedling planting of transplanted rapeseed, the roots of the rapeseed are shallow and the wind is prone to lodging under the late stage.
3 Little effective branching. The live rapeseed plants are small, effectively branching 5 to 6 at a time, focusing on 40 to 90 cm height from the plants, with less secondary branches. The yield depends mainly on the main inflorescence and the primary branches. The planting density of high-yielding fields must be maintained at 15,000-20,000 plants per 667 square meters.
4 The whole growth period is short.
Live rape can be sown in mid-to late October. Mature in the second half of May, about 210 days in the whole growth period. Transplanting rapeseed sowing in late September. They were transplanted in the middle of the month and matured in the middle or late May of the second year. The whole growth period was about 230 days. The live rapeseed grows for 20 days shorter than transplanting rapeseed.
2. The main technical measures
1. Early field preparation. It is required to focus on contiguous planting as much as possible. Avoid bunches of flowers to prevent lower rapeseed quality. Daejeon requires moisture and cuts water 5 to 7 days before the late rice harvest. The mowing requirement requires cutting rice piles as low as possible, and paving the cut stalks throughout the field. Avoid the impact of sprouting rice straw. For every 667 square meters, use 10% glyphosate 400-500 ml to spray 40 kg of water evenly throughout the field. Control the old field grass, so that it can be sown 3 to 5 days later.
2. Open the three ditch in time. "One oil and one rice" is a major farming method in southern China. The application of the no-till direct seeding technique for rapeseeds requires the harvesting of rice bran in the harvest of single-season rice. Can't stay high piles. Immediately after the close, three trenches (a trench, a gutter, and a trench) were opened. The width is 1.5 meters, the width is 20 centimeters, and the depth is 15 centimeters; the width of the gutter groove is 20 centimeters, and the ditch depth is 18 centimeters: the ditch is 20 centimeters wide and the ditch is 21 centimeters deep. Grate the gully evenly on the surface. In order to take advantage of the whole face.
3. Choose a good breed. Improved varieties are the basis for high yields, and attention should be paid to the application of improved varieties in production. Generally, the selection of improved varieties should be based on the local climatic conditions, the variety characteristics of rape, and the cultivation objectives. Zhejiang No. 6, Zheshuang 72, Huyou 15, Huaza No. 4 and Zheshuang 758 can be selected as high quality and low yield rapeseed varieties in Zhejiang Province.
4. Pay attention to timely sowing. One must apply basic fertilizer: 40 to 50 kg of organic compound fertilizer per 667 square meters, or 1,000 kg of bar fertilizer, and 0.5 kg of borax should be applied throughout the field. Second, timely planting, planting period in mid-to-late October. The mountains can be reached as early as the beginning of October and the end of October at the latest. For every 667 square meters, 0.2-0.3 kilograms are used, which can be drilled, broadcasted, and broadcast on demand. The use of hole sowing, 667 square meters density 7000 to 8000 points: using drill, row spacing 35 to 40 cm: after sowing with Hsinchu broom swept the surface, so that rapeseed rolled into the soil, and covered with a thin layer of soil to facilitate Emergence.
5. Strengthen field management. One to seedling, make up the seedlings: 2 to 3 leaf stage for thinning, 4 to 5 leaf stage Dingmiao fill seedlings. To make the entire field dense and uniform, growth consistent, 15,000 to 20,000 seedlings per 667 square meters. Second, scientific fertilization: The principle of fertilization is to apply basic fertilizers. Apply Miaofei early, re-apply wax fertilizer and apply fertilizer steadily. Normal seedling fertilizer in the 4 to 5 leaves per 667 square meters with urea 3 to 5 kg: pouring water. Wafer fertilizer applies between 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms of organic fertilizer or 10 kilograms of urea per 667 square meters between Osmaki and the Great Cold. The fertilizer is applied at a height of 3 to 5 cm, and 5 to 8 kg of urea is applied per 667 square meters. The previous application of potash is insufficient, and potassium chloride is added to 3 kg. Third, weeding should be done chemically: rapeseed direct seeding cultivation should do well in weeding work, and the “one kill, two seals, three fills†technology should be the best weed control effect, which can reduce weeding and labor. reduce manufacturing cost. The main use is to spray glyphosate herbicides in the first 3 to 5 days before the site is fully sprayed, killing the weeds on the ground. When sowing, we spray them with pre-emergence herbicides from the Knoss Dryland to make the soil surface. The formation of a protective layer to seal the weed seed germination grows out of the mud surface, but pay attention, do not damage the drug soil layer after spraying: Qi Qimiao according to the grass after the rational selection of herbicides on the road to supplement, that is, grasshopper miscellaneous Grass-based rape field. Available per 667 square meters of 10.8% high-efficient gaiseng EC to 20 to 30 milliliters of water to 50 kilos, in the weeds of 3 to 5 leaf-phase sprays: dominated by broadleaf weeds, with high tec 25 to 30 ml of water 50 kg, 6-8 leaf stage in the rape spray control: Gramineous weeds, broadleaf weed mixed, available 17.5% per knife 667 square knives EC 100 ~ 140 ml water 40 kg, in the weeds 2 ~ 4 leaves Spray control. Fourth, to prevent drought and drought: In case of autumn and winter drought. General irrigation 1 or 2 times. At the same time insist on doing a good job before the rain, cultivate the earth and protect the roots, clear the ditch after the rain. Flood prevention, reduce the humidity in the field. Fifth, pest control, due to the density of live rapeseed transplanting than seedlings. Generally, during the prosperous period of twitching, do a good job of yellowing leaves and leaves to facilitate ventilation and lightening and reduce pests and diseases. The pests of rape are mainly aphids and cabbage caterpillars, which can be controlled by pesticides such as imidacloprid and fipronil in November and mid-March. The main diseases are Sclerotinia and downy mildew. First, we must carry out agricultural control, do a good job of trenching in the field, and reduce the humidity in the field. Chemical control is from early flowering to full bloom. Use 50% carbendazim 100 g or 25% Bacteria (to make 100 grams) 20 to 40 ml, spray 50 kg of water evenly, mix 100 grams of borax to prevent flowering.
Author: Zhejiang Jingning County Agricultural Bureau Grain and Oil Station
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