The time and method of jujube grafting directly affect the grafting survival rate and the growth of the year. After several years of practice, the author has concluded that the autumn grafting has the highest survival rate and large growth. The survival rate of jujube trees that are grafted too early will decrease accordingly, and the growth of the year will decrease if grafted too late.
Cube budding (chimeric budding) Cut the land wood 30 cm from the ground, cut 2 square centimeters of square cortex from the land stake, then select healthy buds from the scion tree, and cut 2 square centimeters of square buds The sheet is inserted into the square skin layer cut from the old wood and tied with a plastic film.
After grafting, the jujube seedlings should be cultivated to 10 cm above the buds before being frozen (around late October). Large plows can be used for large areas, and a spade can be used for small areas to prevent the buds from freezing. After the spring thaw, before the rootstocks germinate, the cold-proof soil should be withdrawn in time to increase the ground temperature, promote the timely germination of grafts, and facilitate the growth of grafted seedlings.
Cut off the rootstock in time before germination to stimulate the germination of the graft. If the rootstock is cut too late, the germination will be late, which will affect the growth of the seedlings. There are two ways to cut the anvil. One is to cut the anvil once and cut off the rootstock 0.5 cm above the bud. This method can make the seedling grow strong and the cut heals well; the other is to cut the anvil twice, on the bud. Leave 5-7 cm to cut off, wipe off all the rootstock buds, and remove the buds 2 to 3 times before and after the buds germinate to facilitate the growth of the buds. When the buds of the secondary shearing anvil grow to 5-10 cm, tie them to the live rootstock to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by the wind. During the growth of seedlings, it is necessary to strengthen field management such as fertilizer and water, weeding, and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings.
Subcutaneous splicing (inserting skin splicing) is suitable for root grafting, near-ground grafting and high splicing. The operation method is: first cut one side of the scion into a section with a length of about 3 cm, then cut a small section with a length of about 0.5 cm on the opposite side of the base, and then select the smooth side without branches on the rootstock; use a grafting knife from the upper part Make a slit to reach the depth of the xylem, about 2.5 cm in length. After cutting, insert the shaved scion from top to bottom between the cortex and xylem of the rootstock, paying attention to the long side facing the xylem. The insertion depth should be 0.3 cm (exposed white) exposed above the scion. Finally, it is strictly prohibited to tie it with plastic film.
The management of jujube seedlings after grafting is the key factor that affects the survival of grafting is whether the wound humidity and the viability of the scion can be maintained. Therefore, the soil must be kept moist within 15 days after grafting. After grafting, the rootstock is prone to sprouting, which affects the growth of the graft. In order to make the nutrient supply concentrated, the rootstock should be wiped off in time. If 15 days later, it is found that the grafting buds have not germinated, the rootstock can be left for budding, and the grafting can be carried out in the coming year. The interface is completely healed about one month after the connection, and the membrane should be untied at this time. At the same time, inter-tillage and weeding should be carried out, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, and pest control should be done to ensure the normal growth of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings.
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