Nowadays, the development trend of goat breeding industry in China is getting faster and faster. Many goat breeding areas have carried out innovation or reform of goat breeding mode in order to adapt to this development. Today, what we are going to learn is the technical points for feeding the goats in the Yanhe County.
1 sheep farm (house) construction
Sheep house requires good ventilation, clean and dry, heat and heat-reducing, winter insulation, spring moisture-proof, low cost, durable, structural materials can choose wood or brick and wood structure to build double-slope or single-slope high bed leaking floor sheep house It is appropriate.
1.1 Construction of high bed slatted building sheep house
The sheepfold is divided into a ceiling, a fence, a sheep bed, a hanging foot, and a slope on the ground from top to bottom. The ceiling is made of heat preservation and heat insulation materials. Each enclosure is equipped with a fence (supporting a fixed trough). There is a sports field with a water tank. The plane of the sheep bed is used as a platform. The interior is built with a fence or brick wall around the building. The height of the fence of the building is not less than 1.2 meters; the slope of the building is 40 to 45 degrees below the slope of the cement surface or the glass slope, the lower part of the sheep ring is equipped with a biogas tank, and the size of the sheep bed is 3 cm × 2 cm. The 8 meters is evenly laid and fixed on the column beams of the building. Each sheep ring is equipped with doors and windows to ensure good lighting and ventilation.
1.2 sheep house partition area
The area of ​​the barrier is 1.5 to 2.0 square meters for each type of ram, 0.8 to 1.2 square meters for the ewes, and 1.8 to 2.0 square meters for the lactating ewes (including the lamb). Male and female ewes are 0.5 to 0.8 square meters; lambs (when they are required to be grouped separately) are 0.4 to 0.6 square meters, and fattening sheep are 0.6 to 0.8 square meters. According to the sheep's gender, age, physical size, physical strength, etc., the width is 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, and the area is about 2 square meters, 4 square meters, 6 square meters.
2 forage feed preparation
Planting grasses that are suitable for strong, high-quality and high-yield are used to supply sheep and grass for normal supply. The goats like to eat alfalfa, ryegrass, gentian, and verbena, and some crop straws and roots. In general, goats eat fresh grass at a rate of 4 kg/day, and it is advisable to plant more than 1 mu of high-quality and high-yield pasture with 5 sheep. The source of forage is mainly summer and autumn green grass. In addition to making green hay, it can process and store silage and micro-storage to improve its palatability and improve the utilization of forage feed. The average annual storage of green hay is 0.6 tons/only, and silage is 0.3 tons/only, to ensure the supply of winter and spring forage for the sheep. Mixed pellet feeds are added as appropriate for feeding and fattening of the flock.
3 goat feeding management technology
3.1 Do a good job in column management
According to the family, sex, physical strength, and grouping of goats, the breeding capacity is determined by reasonable matching. The rams are single-circle, and the ewes are usually kept in separate groups except during pregnancy and lactation. Column) is the unit, the number is only 2~, it is suitable for the fighting sheep, the reserve ram, the sheep movement time is strengthened, the reserve sheep and the breeding sheep are suitable for 6 hours every day, and the fattening sheep exercise is about 4 hours. It is appropriate to reduce the incidence of digestive diseases.
3.2 Scientific feeding
Under the condition of feeding, the sheep are supplemented with mixed granules such as corn, wheat and bran, based on various grasses, vegetables, hay, melons and green (micro) stocks. When feeding, first dry (grass) and then green (storage), first coarse and then fine, feed 2 to 3 times / day, to be regular, quantitative, qualitative, free to eat and drink, the water temperature should be maintained at 28 ~ 35 Celsius, to prevent drinking frozen and contaminated water and to feed mildew and spoilage.
3.2.1 species of rams
The rams must maintain a high level of sensation and sexual desire. The feed requires high nutritional value, sufficient protein, vitamins and inorganic salts, and is easy to digest and has good palatability. In addition to supplementing high-quality pasture before breeding, supplemented with mixed concentrate 0.8 kg / day.
3.2.2 Breeding Ewe
For the late stage of pregnant ewes (2 months before lambing), the early stage of lactating ewes (1 month after lambing), supplemented with high quality forage or silage of 1.8 kg/day and 0.6 kg/day mixed concentrate . More than 10 days before the birth should be fed more succulent feed, strengthen nutrition during lactation to ensure adequate milk.
3.2.3 Lamb newborn
Lambs should eat colostrum as soon as possible. The sooner and more they eat, the faster the weight gain, the stronger the constitution, the less the incidence, and the higher the survival rate. Lambs were given colostrum within 2 hours after birth, and 8 days later, they were gradually bred with high-quality forages. From 15 to 15 days later, a small amount of lambs were fed with pelleted feed, and after 60 days, they were gradually fed to grass. For the winter and spring lambs to be cold-proof, the male lambs that are not used for breeding should be castrated and dewormed in time for fattening.
3.2.4 fattening sheep
Fattening includes lamb fattening and elimination of sheep fattening, lamb and elimination of sheep for short-term fattening. Each feeding period is supplemented with green fodder or silage from 1 to 1.5 kg/day, and the amount is 0.7 in early, middle and late. Feed the mixed pellets in kilograms and eat green feed and water freely.
4 comprehensive prevention and control of goat diseases and insect pests
Goat blight is mainly based on prevention, and it is necessary to establish a set of anti-health disease prevention and control system.
4.1 disinfection
The sheep farm (house) should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. In order to prevent the spread of epidemics, a clean and disinfection system should be implemented regularly for a certain range inside and outside the sheep house and common facilities and utensils.
4.2 Deworming
After weaning, the lambs are completely dewormed before fattening, and once in the fall, twice in the fall. In vitro and in vivo deworming, the deworming drugs should be used alternately to obtain better deworming effects.
4.3 Manure treatment
The manure in the sheep farm is collected and treated, and biogas fermentation and accumulation fermentation can be carried out under conditions to produce fertilizer. The “grass-sheep-marsh†agro-ecological model will be established according to local conditions, and biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue will be used at various levels, and the use of feces after fermentation can reduce the damage of weed seeds, parasite eggs and pathogenic bacteria to humans and animals and the environment. Planting grass, raising sheep, composting sheep, and fermenting sheep to return to the grassland to form a virtuous cycle ecosystem and promote the healthy development of the sheep industry.
4.4 Immunization
Scientific implementation of immunization measures to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. Strengthen the vaccination and comprehensive prevention and control of diseases such as lamb dysentery, goat pox, foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis, goat infectious impetigo, and goat infectious pleuropneumonia. Incineration or deep burial of dead sheep and excrement.
4.5 Disease prevention and control
The main diseases of goats are mainly anterior stomach diseases, lactic acidosis, sputum diseases, dystocia, etc. The diseases that are more harmful to sheep are lamb dysentery, streptococcal disease, infectious pyocysitis, etc. Observe, early detection, early treatment, and loss reduction.
The above is the main point of goat feeding and feeding technology. The friends of the farmers can learn more about the farming experience in other areas. The article is reproduced from the headline number Jishan Huayao, and you can pay attention to it.
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