Mushroom rust spot disease is a common disease. It is a serious disease in the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes, and it is a common occurrence. It is a disease caused by Pseudomonas.
Symptoms: Rust spot mainly occurs on the cap and fruit body of Flammulina velutipes. In the early stages of the victim's disease, the needle-like rust-colored spots appeared, gradually widening, and the edges were irregular. The lesions can be interconnected into irregular rust spots. In severe cases, there may be dozens of rust spots on the cap of a fruiting body.
Pathogens: Rust spot is a disease caused by Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas sp. bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Similar to or the same as the brown mushroom of Pleurotus ostreatus.
The characteristics of the disease: The pathogen of rust spot can be transmitted through culture materials and airflow, and rust spot disease is most likely to occur under conditions of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation. The moisture of the culture material is too high or the humidity of the mushroom bed is large, and the occurrence of rust spot disease is more serious. The raw material cultured fruit bodies are more severe than clinker cultivation or bag planting.
Control methods:
1. Do a good job in environmental sanitation of mushroom houses. When preparing culture materials, control the amount of water to avoid excessive water damage.
2. Scientific water should not be sprinkled directly onto the fruit body when spraying water in the mushroom house to prevent the accumulation of water on the material surface. After the water is sprayed, it should be ventilated. The indoor air relative humidity should not exceed 95% for a long time.
3. When the surface of the bacteria bag is covered with plastic film, the moisture of the fruit body should be dried before covering.
4. Chemical control: In the early stage of disease, 50% of carbendazim 800 times solution or 100 to 200 units of agricultural streptomycin can be used to spray fruiting bodies to prevent the spread of germs.
Common agents include carbendazim, agricultural streptomycin to wipe away fog water, etc.
Black spot
Flammulina black spot is a bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas. After the onset of disease, the mushroom mushroom caps appear oval brown or dark brown spots, the initial needle-like, enlarged diameter of 2 to 4 mm, neat edges, sometimes cracked cap. Most do not affect production, but prices have fallen because of the blackening of the cap.
Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, pale brown patches appear on the cap or stipe. After expansion, the lesions on the cap are round or semicircular (the lesions starting from the edge of the cap), about 3 mm in diameter, black The depression is obvious, the edges are clear and neat, and the dark spots on the stipe are oblong. The other features are the same as those on the cap. Whether on the surface of the cap or on the stipe, in the wet conditions, the surface of the lesion can grow sparse white mold, namely the mycelium, conidiophore and conidia of pathogenic bacteria. The bacteria invaded the bacteria. From the surface of the cap, it can be expanded downwards to the bacteria folds under the cap, causing the bacteria and bacteria folds of the disease to be dark brown rot; the lesions on the stipe can cause distortion and bending of the stem, which is Symptoms of the disease and the symptoms of brown spot or rust spot caused by the bacterial infection of the trust are as follows: Bacterial brown spot is a round spot with lighter colors, less obvious edges, no dents, and no germs. Invade the lower layer of bacteria, the surface of the lesion without white mold, does not cause deformation of the cap and stipe.
Pathogen: Caused by the infection of Verticllium sp. of the subphylum Imperfecta, and the bacterial beads isolated from the lesions grow on the potato sucrose agar medium. The colonies are grayish white, and the aerial mycelium flocculates. The following medium is not colored. Observed under the microscope, the conidial stems that grow from the mycelia can be seen in a regular arrangement of verticillate radiation. The conidial stems that grow on each section are 3 to 4 There is an equal angular distance between the branches and the small stems and the small stems. The size and shape of the small stems are the same. The stems are short and the shape of the bottle stems is tapered from the base to the top. The top of the stem forms spherical conidia balls, each spore. There are multiple conidia in the ball. Conidia subrounded, minute, colorless, single-celled.
Incidence conditions: The disease occurs during the growth period of fruit bodies, especially during the development period of the cap, and the onset temperature is 10 to 15°C. The high humidity is conducive to the occurrence of pathogens. The spore suspension prepared from the conidia produced on the potato culture medium with the strain isolated from the lesion was sprayed or dripped on the healthy disease-free fruit body, and the humidity was controlled at about 95%. Symptoms began to appear after 3 days, symptoms were typical after 5 days, and completely consistent with the natural symptoms. However, when the pathogen was brought into the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus or Pleurotus ostreatus, whether infestation by puncture or spray, no infestation occurred, and it was proved that black spot of mushroom could not invade Pleurotus ostreatus.
Control methods
1. Do a good job of environmental hygiene inside and outside the mushroom house.
2. When watering the mushroom house, do not sprinkle water directly on the fruit body of the mushroom, in particular, spray with cold water. The humidity inside the mushroom house cannot be higher than 90% for a long time. It depends on the weather changes. The sunny watering should be light, diligent and fine, and the rainy days should be less sprinkled or not watered. Increase the ventilation after each watering and then cover the film. The indoor temperature during the fruiting period should be adjusted to below 17°C.
3. Once the disease has been cleared, remove the diseased sub-emitters, bring the mushroom house to boil the dead bacteria in the boiling water or bury it underground, and timely harvest the other non-pathogenic fruiting bodies. After harvesting, spray 40% Tecdo (TBA) 1000 times solution or 50% Diverazon 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim 600 times solution or spray 100~200 units of agricultural streptomycin per mL or Bleach 600 times liquid.
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