Pickled cabbage cultivation technology

Cabbage, also known as green vegetables, cabbage and so on. Bailai is native to China and has a long history of cultivation. Cabbage has the characteristics of strong adaptability, high growth, high yield, good nutrition, good taste, simple cultivation and suitable for processing, etc. The cultivation area in the south of the Yangtze River is the largest, and the varieties and varieties are also numerous.
The trade name of the cabbage is named according to the size of the plant. For example, the dense seedlings with a height of 9 cm or less are called chicken hairy vegetables; the cabbage plants with a height of 10-15 cm and a weight of 50 g or less are called cabbage; the weight of each plant is not More than 50-100 grams of stalks or stalks of vegetables; plant weight of more than 100 grams of each planted vegetables. In winter (referred to as January-month), the weight of vegetables listed on the market is generally less than 100 grams, which is known as mandarin or Dongtang.
1. Botanical traits Cabbage is a biennial or annual vegetable belonging to the genus Brassica.
Root: The main root is thicker and forms a more developed root system. It is generally distributed at the top soil layer of 10 to 14 centimeters, but it can also extend to about 33 cubic meters below the soil. Its regeneration ability is very strong, so it is easy to survive after transplanting.
Stem: In the period of vegetative growth, it is a shortened stem. After the development stage, the stem is extracted and called as the vegetable moss. It is edible when young and delicious.
Leaves: Shapes are elliptic, suborbicular, and long ovate, light green or dark green; leaf surface smooth or wrinkled, leaves entire; petiole hypertrophy, white or light green. Flowers, fruits, and seeds: When the cabbage moss grows, it branches and blooms at the top, yellow flowers, and a corolla. After flowering and fertilization, the slender pods are 10-20 seeds per fruit. Seed germination power generally maintains about 2 years.
Second, the requirements of environmental conditions Cabbage is a natural cross-pollination plants, so pay attention to natural hybrids when leaving the species.
Bai Lexi cool environment, the most suitable temperature for the growth of 15-20 °C, seed germination when the temperature requirements are higher, with 20-25 °C is appropriate. The degree of cold resistance can vary depending on the species and variety.
There are many large and large cabbage leaves, strong transpiration, the main root system is distributed in the shallow soil, so we need to maintain a certain degree of soil moisture. When the water supply is appropriate, the vegetative growth of cabbage is good, the quality is fresh, and the yield is high. When the water in the vegetable field is filled with water, the air in the soil is squeezed out by the water, and the suction function of the root system cannot be normally performed, the root activity is destroyed, the absorption of nutrient elements and inorganic salts is reduced, the plants are starved, and in severe cases, they will wither and die.
Cabbage is cultivated by low temperature under long-day conditions. However, because of the difference in variety, the temperature is less than 25-30 °C, which can inhibit cabbage bolting and flowering. Therefore, cabbage can be cultivated in large areas in summer and autumn. In the long-term production practice has accumulated a wealth of experience, the use of various varieties of sunshine, the temperature of the different responses, sowing at different times, rational arrangements for gargle, to reach the annual supply of cabbage.
Cabbage needs less nutrients at the seedling stage, and needs to increase to mid-growth. The nutrients are dominated by nitrogen fertilizers. In the absence of nitrogen, the growth is slow, the plants are short, the leaves are yellow, and the fibers increase, and the quality deteriorates.
Chinese cabbage has strong adaptability and strict requirements on the soil, but fertile and water-preserving soils are the best.
Third, the cultivation techniques of Chinese cabbage points (A) of the cabbage type Chinese cabbage varieties and varieties are many, according to the morphological characteristics of plants and edible parts, can be divided into three types of cabbage, Xiecai and Brassica.
Cabbage plants are erect, it is also called upright species, its leaves are smooth, leaf color is light green and dark green; petiole hypertrophy, base is curved inwards spoon-shaped or flat, and hold a synthetic tube, color There are light green, green white and white.
Autumn sowing vegetables are usually called autumn vegetables, also known as submerged vegetables or large vegetables. They refer to cabbages planted from the beginning of September to the end of October (known as early autumn cabbage planted in September and late autumn cabbage planted in October), which is cultivated in this area. In the main season of Chinese cabbage, autumn cabbage grows quickly and is of good quality due to the favorable climate. It is very popular among consumers. However, over the years, the output of autumn cabbage has not been stable enough, and thus some years will seriously affect the market supply. The reason is that cabbage virus disease is the main factor. To this end, comprehensive measures must be taken in cultivation techniques. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of the occurrence and spread of viral diseases by avoiding cultivars, selecting resistant varieties, strictly controlling aphids at the seedling stage, and strictly selecting seedlings of the appropriate age.
(b) The land to be used for land selection and site preparation should be flat, well ventilated, and cool, with land near water sources and easy drainage. Before the preparation of the crop, the stubble leaves left by the former crop must be picked up from the ground or the field to prevent the soil from decaying and turning into heat and increase the temperature of the ground, which will affect the growth of the vegetables. After soil preparation, a deep ditch (ie, two deep trenches) is opened every two days. The ditch is about 40 centimeters wide and about 50 centimeters deep. The ditch is filled with water. The advantages of the puddles are: drought resistance, drought convenience, and timely drainage in heavy rain; at the same time, it can save labor and reduce labor intensity.
(3) Cultivation of Young Seedlings Autumn cabbage is transplanted. Therefore, cultivating strong seedlings is also an important measure for making good autumn vegetables. The method of raising seedlings should pay attention to the following points
1. From the beginning of August to the first month of September, the three solar terms will be divided in batches according to Liqiu (around August 8th), Chaishu (about August 23) and Bailu (around September 8). sowing.
2. The seeding rate per mu is 1500-2000 grams.
3, it is necessary to strictly control the worms, because the locusts can cause direct damage but also spread the virus (Cucumber mosaic virus, turnip mosaic virus), the smaller the seedlings when the disease, the more severe the disease later, so it will be after emergence Spray pesticides regularly to eliminate aphids. (IV) Proper colonization 1. The optimal seedling age for early autumn Chinese cabbage is 25-38 days; the optimum seedling age for late autumn Chinese cabbage is 28-30 days. 2, early autumn cabbage spacing is generally 2030 cm, 12,000-13,000 trees per acre; late autumn cabbage spacing is generally 1720 cm, 15,000-16,000 trees per acre.
3, about 5 days before planting, the stubborn land should be applied once to get fat, in order to promote the erection of trees and early hair, fertilizer can generally be used 30% of the manure.
(5) Strengthening fertilizer and water management Since the growth period of autumn cabbage is longer than that of hot vegetables, the density is also higher. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer should also be increased accordingly. Top dressing twice, usually for the first time per acre poured 30% fecal water 2000-2500 kg, the second per acre poured 2500-3000 kg of feces. Early autumn cabbage water management: Because at this time the temperature is still high, still with cold pouring, night pouring is appropriate. Late autumn cabbage has gradually declined due to the temperature, the requirements are not very strict, but to prevent long-term autumn drought, if there is drought, watering in a timely manner, otherwise it is easy to cause the virus.
(6) Diseases and pests control The diseases of cabbage are mainly virus diseases, downy mildew, soft rot and white spot diseases. Chemical control: In the early stage of disease, we must use 65% wettable agent zinc 500 times or 75% wetability. Chlorothalonil 600 times liquid spray treatment.
The harmful pests of cabbage mainly include aphids, Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, Brassica juncea, and Astragalus spp., which can be controlled by insecticides.
(7) Harvest cabbage in autumn for appropriate periods. Due to the different time of transplanting, the length of the harvest period is also different. For example, transplanting can be harvested in 25-30 days in mid-to-late September; transplanting in late October-early November is generally more than 45 days before harvesting.
Cabbage harvesting methods: Generally, one harvesting (or transplanting) is completed at one time. The autumn sowing of Chinese cabbage for late autumn is 2000-2500 kilograms, high-yielding fields can reach 4,000-5,000 kilograms, and the harvest year can reach more than 6,000 kilograms.

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