Citrus fruit tree pruning should be based on its biological characteristics, take the appropriate method.
In addition to the correlation between the growth of branches and roots, apical dominance, branching angles, apical bud self-cutting and tree structure, the basis for pruning is as follows.
First, multiple buds:
The buds of citrus are multiple buds. There are several buds in each bud. Among them, the first one is the main bud, and the other one or three buds that germinate or temporarily do not germinate are called buds. For some varieties (strains) with suitable conditions and adequate nutrition, the secondary buds can be pumped at the same time as the main buds, that is, 2 to 3 clusters of branches can be obtained from a single leaf. After the main shoot-aspirated shoot is mechanically wounded or wiped off manually, it can stimulate the sprouting of buds that are not sprouted in the accessory bud or adjacent leafhopper. This feature of the multiple buds is the basis for trimming the buds.
Second, latent buds (cryptic buds):
The buds or sprouts that have not germinated on the shoots are known as latent buds that live in the bark for a long time. Its weak germination power, long life, can be hidden in the trunk or large branches for many years and temporarily not pumping, and always maintain the growth potential of the formation period, the older the trunk age, the stronger the growth potential of latent buds. After the branches are damaged, broken, scratched or reshuffled, they can germinate. The sprouting shoots have a strong tendency to grow and can be rejuvenated. They are the basis for updating and rejuvenation in pruning.
Third, the heterogeneity of buds:
The buds that grow on different positions of the shoots, because of their different developmental time and nutritional status, have different bud quality. This phenomenon is called the heterogeneity of buds. The buds at the tip of the shoots have apical dominance and the buds are full, making it easy to draw strong branches. The middle buds are of medium growth and can only draw medium and short shoots. The basal buds are poorly developed, most of them are axillary buds, and their growth potential is weak. They can only germinate after short and thick shear stimulation. The heterogeneity of the bud can be changed by trimming, such as topping, which can make the middle weak buds become strong buds, and the lateral buds become the top buds; the wound can stimulate the germination of the axillary buds at the base.
Fourth, the number of branches:
The growth of citrus seedlings or grafted seedlings from small to large, from the growth and development to the renewal process of aging, are all accomplished through the branches of shoots. The number of branches is usually said to be zero for the trunk and the center trunk, for the branches born at the zero level is a level, and for the branches born on the first level, ... and so on. With the increase of the number of branches, the growth potential of new shoots gradually weakened. New shoots from branches with low branching numbers have a strong growth potential. The buds and shoots on different branches have different growth potentials. Even if they are latent buds, the growth strength characteristics can be maintained forever. Pruning in the use of topping, short cut, so that saplings to speed up branching, improve the number of branches, ease growth potential of shoots, can lead to early flowering results. Pruning or truncation of senescence trees preserves the branches with lower branching numbers, and the new shoots grow vigorously, thus playing a role in renewal and rejuvenation.
Eight, leaf age and green leaf layer:
To make the citrus high quality, high yield, and stable yield, the tree should have the largest effective leaf area through the pruning of the tree, combined with other cultivation and management, while being well-distributed, well-lighted, and rich in synthetic nutrients.
The life span of citrus leaves is longer, and the leaf age of the normal-managed citrus plants can reach 2 to 3 years. There is no photosynthesis ability in the young leaf growth period. After the leaf color turns green, the ability of the leaves to synthesize nutrients is rapidly increased, and the photosynthesis of the leaves in the following year is gradually weakened, but there are also some photosynthesis capabilities, and some nutrients are accumulated for tree growth results. When pruning, keep old leaves as much as possible to facilitate production, especially young trees, cutting off most of the leaves will severely inhibit the vegetative growth of the tree.
The thickness of the green leaf layer is related to the light intensity inside the canopy. The thickness of the green leaf layer is mostly 1 to 1.5 meters. At this time, if the light intensity at the top of the canopy is 100%, then when the internal light intensity of the canopy is reduced to 20% or less, new leaves are rarely drawn and become ineffective. After reasonable pruning, the sun can enter the internal consump- tion, allowing the internal condyle to extract new leaves, thicken the green leaf layer, increase the volume of results, and increase yield.
Although some branches and leaves are cut off during pruning, the new shoots and new leaves are promoted, the physiological function of the tree is increased, and the photosynthetic efficiency is increased. The proportion of the new and old leaves of the canopy is changed, the new leaves are increased, and the nutrient production is increased, thereby benefiting the fruit. development.
In addition to the correlation between the growth of branches and roots, apical dominance, branching angles, apical bud self-cutting and tree structure, the basis for pruning is as follows.
First, multiple buds:
The buds of citrus are multiple buds. There are several buds in each bud. Among them, the first one is the main bud, and the other one or three buds that germinate or temporarily do not germinate are called buds. For some varieties (strains) with suitable conditions and adequate nutrition, the secondary buds can be pumped at the same time as the main buds, that is, 2 to 3 clusters of branches can be obtained from a single leaf. After the main shoot-aspirated shoot is mechanically wounded or wiped off manually, it can stimulate the sprouting of buds that are not sprouted in the accessory bud or adjacent leafhopper. This feature of the multiple buds is the basis for trimming the buds.
Second, latent buds (cryptic buds):
The buds or sprouts that have not germinated on the shoots are known as latent buds that live in the bark for a long time. Its weak germination power, long life, can be hidden in the trunk or large branches for many years and temporarily not pumping, and always maintain the growth potential of the formation period, the older the trunk age, the stronger the growth potential of latent buds. After the branches are damaged, broken, scratched or reshuffled, they can germinate. The sprouting shoots have a strong tendency to grow and can be rejuvenated. They are the basis for updating and rejuvenation in pruning.
Third, the heterogeneity of buds:
The buds that grow on different positions of the shoots, because of their different developmental time and nutritional status, have different bud quality. This phenomenon is called the heterogeneity of buds. The buds at the tip of the shoots have apical dominance and the buds are full, making it easy to draw strong branches. The middle buds are of medium growth and can only draw medium and short shoots. The basal buds are poorly developed, most of them are axillary buds, and their growth potential is weak. They can only germinate after short and thick shear stimulation. The heterogeneity of the bud can be changed by trimming, such as topping, which can make the middle weak buds become strong buds, and the lateral buds become the top buds; the wound can stimulate the germination of the axillary buds at the base.
Fourth, the number of branches:
The growth of citrus seedlings or grafted seedlings from small to large, from the growth and development to the renewal process of aging, are all accomplished through the branches of shoots. The number of branches is usually said to be zero for the trunk and the center trunk, for the branches born at the zero level is a level, and for the branches born on the first level, ... and so on. With the increase of the number of branches, the growth potential of new shoots gradually weakened. New shoots from branches with low branching numbers have a strong growth potential. The buds and shoots on different branches have different growth potentials. Even if they are latent buds, the growth strength characteristics can be maintained forever. Pruning in the use of topping, short cut, so that saplings to speed up branching, improve the number of branches, ease growth potential of shoots, can lead to early flowering results. Pruning or truncation of senescence trees preserves the branches with lower branching numbers, and the new shoots grow vigorously, thus playing a role in renewal and rejuvenation.
Eight, leaf age and green leaf layer:
To make the citrus high quality, high yield, and stable yield, the tree should have the largest effective leaf area through the pruning of the tree, combined with other cultivation and management, while being well-distributed, well-lighted, and rich in synthetic nutrients.
The life span of citrus leaves is longer, and the leaf age of the normal-managed citrus plants can reach 2 to 3 years. There is no photosynthesis ability in the young leaf growth period. After the leaf color turns green, the ability of the leaves to synthesize nutrients is rapidly increased, and the photosynthesis of the leaves in the following year is gradually weakened, but there are also some photosynthesis capabilities, and some nutrients are accumulated for tree growth results. When pruning, keep old leaves as much as possible to facilitate production, especially young trees, cutting off most of the leaves will severely inhibit the vegetative growth of the tree.
The thickness of the green leaf layer is related to the light intensity inside the canopy. The thickness of the green leaf layer is mostly 1 to 1.5 meters. At this time, if the light intensity at the top of the canopy is 100%, then when the internal light intensity of the canopy is reduced to 20% or less, new leaves are rarely drawn and become ineffective. After reasonable pruning, the sun can enter the internal consump- tion, allowing the internal condyle to extract new leaves, thicken the green leaf layer, increase the volume of results, and increase yield.
Although some branches and leaves are cut off during pruning, the new shoots and new leaves are promoted, the physiological function of the tree is increased, and the photosynthetic efficiency is increased. The proportion of the new and old leaves of the canopy is changed, the new leaves are increased, and the nutrient production is increased, thereby benefiting the fruit. development.
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