In January 2018, two cloned monkeys, "Zhongzhong" and "Huahua", entered the international journal "Cell" and became the world's most prominent star. This is the world's first somatic cell clone of a non-human primate.
Their birth meant that the era of somatically cloned monkeys as experimental animal models was opened.
One year later, "China" and "Huahua" had five "brothers". As the world's first somatic clonal monkey model of biological rhythm disorder, they appeared in China's top journal "National Science Review" and once again became the focus.
"This achievement means that China has officially opened a new era of batch and standardization to create a diseased cloned monkey model, which is of great significance for accelerating the development of new drugs." Director of the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Institute of Neurology), Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Ming said.
In the words of Pu Muming, such a major scientific research result is actually solved by an "elite small team".
Blessing in disguise
The birth of "Zhongzhong" and "Huahua" embodies the energy and nerve support of the entire research team of the Institute of Neuron Suzhou, and the process of name is very rapid.
In order to ensure that the results of the cloned monkeys are the first in the world, after the two monkeys have grown up for a few days, the team leader Sun Qiang and the main member Liu Zhen still dare not relax, busy processing data and preparing for submission. After the article, they asked Pu Muming for advice. What is the name for these two monkeys?
"Would you like to have one person, called 'Strong Strong' and 'True Really'?" Pu Muming looked at the two, and Sun Qiang and Liu Zhen repeatedly shook their heads. Pu Muming thought for a moment and said: "How about 'China and China' and 'Huahua'?" All the people said in unison.
"Although it took only a few minutes to determine the name, I thought about it. The dream of the Chinese Renaissance has been hidden for a long time in everyone's heart." Wang Yan, secretary of the Party Committee of the Institute of Neurology, concluded.
Just a few months before the birth of the two monkeys, members of the Somatic Cell Clone Monkey team had just encountered the "biggest blow" in their research career.
To ensure the success of the study, the team tried to clone two different somatic cells, monkey cumulus cells and monkey fetal fibroblasts.
In the summer of 2017, two groups of babies cloned using monkey cumulus cells developed for more than 130 days and were born by caesarean section but failed to survive.
Just a step away from success, several team members could not calm down and went to the edge of Taihu Lake to force themselves to adjust their mindset.
A few months later, in the group that was cloned using monkey fetal fibroblasts, two female monkeys were normally pregnant for more than 140 days and gave birth to the fetus. This gave me the scene of the two monkeys.
The Institute of Neuron Suzhou Primate was born in 2009. The years that were just built were not smooth. I have experienced the difficult situation of almost no research output, several people looking after hundreds of monkeys, and even when fighting floods, the research is also facing fierce peer competition.
In 2012, Pu Muming made a new goal for the research platform: to carry out non-human primate somatic cell nuclear transfer research.
"This was a big problem that we have not solved in this field at the time." Liu Zhen, one of the team members and a researcher at the Institute of Neurology, told the Journal of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Thick and thin hair
Cloning requires the removal of the egg cell nucleus of the recipient and injection into the nucleus of the allogeneic body. As a primate, monkeys have finer, more complex nuclei and are more difficult to clone. They have not been optimistic for a long time.
The team research output is not satisfactory, why should we take this hard-boiled "hard bone"? This is actually a "big chess" laid by the nerves.
Pu Muming once said that sending a top academic journal article is not a major scientific breakthrough.
A truly major breakthrough should be to achieve milestones in the original field or to open up innovative areas of research. “The key is to be able to organize team research, not just free exploration. The small team of somatic cell clone monkeys is an example of tackling the problem.â€
It is not easy to be the first in the world. After deciding to carry out the research on cloning monkeys, the team members were more calm and calm, and took out the true skills accumulated over the years, and a little bit of "encroaching" cloning problems.
Sun Qiang had spent nearly 4 years researching test-tube monkeys on the hills of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, and accumulated valuable experience.
In order to train his own level of microscope operation, Liu Zhen sat in front of the microscope for 6 hours a day, using mouse embryos for cell nuclear-nuclear operation training.
After a lot of practice, Liu Zhen's operation of taking the eggs for injection can be accurate to the second. The robotic arm of the microscope is like his own hands. He takes more than 50 mouse eggs in an hour.
Wang Yan, the director of the platform experiment veterinarian, trained the monkey to identify the monkeys according to their length, body shape, coat color, beard and even the size of the eyes.
Every time I enter the monkey room, the monkey group will not only avoid it, but will wait for her to pick up the tail to check, and some will take the initiative.
Cloning animals is often difficult to produce. Lu Yong, the platform veterinary director, stays awake while on duty, insisting on sending a QQ to the work group every 30 minutes to ensure that he can monitor the subtle changes in pregnant mothers.
“Researchers need to have a sense of urgency.†Pu Muming said that the problem of somatic cell cloning “is made in an environment of urgencyâ€.
Because of the hard work of the team members, the somatic cell clone monkey problem that was originally planned to be broken in 2020 saw the dawn of victory at the end of 2017.
Strong
Since the establishment of the Suzhou primate research platform, the team has grown from less than 10 members to more than 20 people and more than 1,000 monkeys. The team members who have been sticking to it have gradually grown up.
This team also won the honorary title of the 2018 Chinese Academy of Sciences Annual Team.
In 2009, after ending the “cultivation†on Xishuangbanna Mountain, Sun Qiang took root on Xishan Island, a two-hour drive from Shanghai.
In order to ensure that the research is carried out as soon as possible, Sun Qiang selects the site, recruits and rents the site at the fastest speed, so that the experimental platform takes shape. In order to save the start-up capital, the daily transportation here is the battery car. The laboratory has only 100 square meters at the earliest. In order to get familiar with the experimental operation as soon as possible, they even raised the mouse directly in the office.
"We want to do as much as possible with less resources." Sun Qiang said.
When Liu Zhengang arrived at the Institute of Neurology, he was still a master student of Sun Qiang. Today, the doctor who was born and raised has not chosen to go abroad, but has become the leader of a research team and started to do some research projects independently.
"The support of the big platform of the nerves is the foundation of everything." Liu Zhen told the Chinese Journal of Science and Technology, "We are very fortunate to be able to do the things at hand."
In the past 10 years, Wang Yan has witnessed the whole platform from scratch, from the little girl who never stepped out of Yunnan in the past, became the "bovine man" in the field of clonal monkey assisted reproduction experiment - her laparoscopic minimally invasive egg retrieval Transplant surgery can be controlled within 20 to 30 minutes, with a maximum of 11 surgical records per day, not to mention the experience she has accumulated over the years with monkeys.
For the entire team, mastering non-human primate somatic cell cloning technology is only the beginning.
As the person in charge of the platform, Sun Qiang said that the next day is more "tolerate loneliness." “There are many answers that can be found from monkeys, not one or two experiments. There are many places in the current technology that need to be perfected.â€
"We have more problems in the future, including how to use the cloned monkey technology to build a useful disease model, how to really use it in the treatment of human diseases." Pu Muming said.
Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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