In the hot season of summer each year, the population of bees is declining, and the production of royal jelly has dropped sharply, showing a regular "summer decline". "Summer decline" is a weak link in bee-keeping production throughout the year, and it is an important reason why annual production of royal jelly is difficult to increase. This not only affects the income of the year, but also weakens the breeding base in autumn and affects the accumulation of overwintering bees. Therefore, the management of over-summer should be strengthened to prevent the “summer decline†of bee colonies. The following countermeasures are recommended. One of the reasons is that the weather is hot and the bees are heavily strained and their lifespan is shortened. Countermeasures: Fully prevent heatstroke and cool down, and create a suitable microclimate for bee colonies. The factors affecting the lifespan of bees are, in addition to genetic factors, mainly nutritional factors, strain factors and disease factors. According to the report of American Bee Magazine, bees that have been tested out of the house in summer can only survive for 25-40 days. Workers who leave the house in winter can live an average of 154 days, a difference of nearly five times. This is because there is a big difference between summer and winter temperatures. Due to the cold weather in winter, bees colony quietly, in a semi-dormant state, with less activity and less physical exertion, so they have a long life. The summer heat has threatened the life and survival of bee colonies. As we all know, the center temperature of the honeycomb is 34.5°C. If it exceeds 36°C, the bees will have to cool their wings to suit the physiological needs of the bees. However, during the hot season in summer, the temperature is often 37-38°C. Especially in open bee farms, the temperature is often as high as 40°C or more. This forces a large number of bees to perform sunstroke-preventing cooling work. Some rush to go out to collect water and some keep flapping fans. Wind, in order to reduce the nest temperature. The physical power consumed by the fluttering fan is similar to that of the sky, and its degree of exhaustion can be imagined. The higher the degree of bee strain, the faster the consumption of protein in the body and the shorter the life expectancy. Therefore, the group's potential declines rapidly and the so-called "summer decline" occurs. In order to keep abreast of the situation, it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and cooling of bee colonies, and artificially create a suitable microclimate for the bees. The first must satisfy the supply of bee colony water. Water is an indispensable substance in the life of a bee. Water is needed to increase the humidity in the nest, lower the temperature, dilute the bee, feed the larvae, and so on. According to the test, a group of 10 bees generally require about 200 g of water every day and night and 500 g of water per day and night during high temperature and drought. This forces a large number of bees to go out to collect water. Therefore, artificial water supply can greatly reduce the amount of bees The tiredness helps to prolong life. Feeding water can be used in a variety of ways, such as filling empty spleen with clean water, placing it on the side inside the nest, allowing it to suck freely; using clean cotton wool or sponge to soak water, covering on top of cover, both for bee sucking The nest temperature can also be lowered; the feeder trough can also be fed horizontally at the entrance of the nest; digging pits and impounding water before and after the apiary; there are water sources outside the nest inside the nest, which can satisfy the water supply and save water . The second is to hunt shacks on the beehives. Before and after the shed, species of vines such as gourd and pumpkin are grown to increase the shade of the arbor. In this way, direct sunlight can be avoided, the temperature can be greatly reduced, and there can be income from melons. Third, the water splashing can be reduced. Every morning, noon, evening, watering before and after the apiary to keep the site moist, reduce the temperature; Fourth, when the weather is hot, open the beehive window in the evening, so that the air inside the nest convection, reduce hot; 5 is about 30cm high beehive, this can be Reducing the radiant heat from the ground can also ventilate the bottom of the tank. For the second reason, long-term spawning, the queen of beavers was exhausted and the spawning rate was reduced. Countermeasures: Cultivate new kings to replace old kings and increase spawning rate. Since the spring, Lao Wang has continued to produce eggs for a long period of time, weakening his body and weakening his body. Once he reaches high temperatures in summer, the spawning power is greatly reduced and production is stopped. Less eggs and less bees, fewer bees and weak groups, produced a "summer decline." On the Other hand, the worker bees are overburdened with high physical exertion, life expectancy is shortened, and they die prematurely. This leads to the emergence of fewer students, more deaths, and a disproportionate proportion of life and death. The new and old bees are alternately disconnected. This is what causes bee colonies to “slow downâ€. Another important reason. Based on this, the beekeepers must plan to cultivate a batch of high-quality queen bees before the summer, and replace old and poor kings in time. The new king is due to the physiological sensation of youthful growth, strong strength, strong heat resistance, high enthusiasm for spawning, large egg size, and can breed more new bees than Lao Wang. The exchanging Lao Wang, playing the rest of the heat, formed a double-kings group, and fed the spleen of the eggs and spleen to the basic group to enhance the group momentum. The third reason is that the source of powdered honey is less, the bees are malnourished, and the decline in physical fitness affects the life span. Countermeasures: Supplement nutrient feed to meet bees' body needs. The body of a bee grows and sustains its life, and it needs abundant and sufficient nutrition. Practice has proved that: adequate nutrition, honeybees have good development and longevity. Malnutrition, bees are inherently poorly developed and have a short life span. To make the bees healthy and longevity, bees must be provided with adequate nutrition. The nutrition of bees is mainly derived from sugar and pollen. However, there are few flowering plants in summer, lack of source of powdered honey, and lack of nutrition, so that the body of the bees will be thin and premature aging will die. This is another reason for the "summer decline" of bee colonies. In view of this, in the last flowering period before the summer, the feed sugar must be left in the nest, and there must be two or more half-closed honey spleen in the box group. If it is not enough for some reason, use sugar to feed enough, straight feed to the nest spleen sugar from the ash. The energy of bee activity depends entirely on carbohydrates, so it must continue to eat sugar to make up for the lack of carbohydrates in the body. If there is no sugar, even if there are enough bees in the nest, they will still starve to death. Pollen is the only source of bee protein, and proteins form the basis of bees tissue, muscle, blood, and glands. No protein larvae cannot grow and develop. Adult bees are unable to work and the new bee glands are not fully developed. Therefore, the "summer decline" of bee colonies has a direct relationship with the lack of sources of powdered honey from outside. In view of this, in the summer when the source of powdered honey is scarce, it is necessary to artificially feed sugar and pollen. The amount of pollen that can be fed is not only sufficient but also of good quality, and it is not appropriate to use aged pollen that loses its nutritional value. If alternative pollen is used, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and proteins should be added according to the nutritional formula. If soybeans are used as raw materials, they must be fully fried because soybeans contain non-digestible substances that resist trypsin and disappear when fried. The fourth reason is that the number of predators increases, and the bee wears off. Countermeasures: Strengthen management, prevent predators, and reduce bee casualties. During the summer, the wasps, cockroaches, ants, worms, bats and other enemies were more harmful, causing serious damage and bee loss. For example, one or two wasps can bite a large number of bees. A beggar can eat hundreds of bees overnight, which is also one of the factors of "summer decline". Therefore, we must take effective measures to prevent predators and reduce losses. Such as Vespa, can be a vial, put about 10g of honey, add rat poison or carbofuran pesticide appropriate amount, and then cover the wasp with a net bag, dipped in a liquid with a brush, apply to the bee on the back, put it back to the nest so that nest The wasp was poisoned after eating. After the beehive was found, it was burned with straw at night to eliminate the wasps. To cope with embarrassment, as long as the beehive is raised so that it cannot approach the bees and deal with ants, weeds and garbage must be removed from the field, and weathered lime is often sprinkled around the beehive. Can also be used to kill the king. The fifth reason is that bee stings are harmful, and the constitution of bees is reduced and their lifespan is shortened. Countermeasures: Controlling bee stings and safeguarding new bee quality. There is a negative relationship between the length of bees and the long-term regularity of bees and bee colony. That is, the population of bees increases, and the parasitism rate of bees decreases. On the contrary, when the group potential decreases, the rate of bee parasitism increases positively. In general, bee stings begin to multiply when spring bee populations multiply. In the summer, bee colonies ceased to develop, while bee stings continued to develop. In autumn, bee colony declines, and the rate of bee parasitism rises rapidly. Honeybees that are endangered by bee stings are sucked, developed, and lean, and their lifespan is shortened due to nutrient absorption in the body. Some are even "waste bees" that can climb without flying. Therefore, in the middle and late summers, we should take the initiative to attack the government, and we can curb the development of bee stings. Not only is it beneficial to maintain the group potential, but it also lays the foundation for the health of autumn bee-keeping bees. Therefore, this time it is of great significance to treat the disease. In addition, due to the scarcity of honey plants in the summer, the memory of the nests is generally insufficient, and robbers, tears, and dead bees are often present. This is one of the reasons for the "summer decline." Therefore, we must take various measures to strictly prevent the emergence of bees.
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