Cabbage is not cabbage (Brassicacampestrisssp. Chinensis Makino), also known as cabbage, green vegetables, chicken feathers, commonly known as rapeseed in northern China, native to China, is the most popular vegetables in the southern provinces of China. In recent years, the demand for pakchoi in northern China has gradually increased [1-2]. Chinese cabbage has a short growth cycle and large consumption, but it is not resistant to storage and is not suitable for long-distance transportation. It must rely on local production and supply. In the south, Chinese cabbage accounts for 30%-50% of the annual vegetable supply, and it is one of the largest vegetables in the whole year. The perennial planting area of ​​Chinese cabbage in Ningbo area is 7734hm2, with a total of 66,700hm2. The annual production of pakchoi has a very important role in ensuring the supply of vegetable baskets and fighting against disasters.
1 production environment
The production environment should meet the requirements of NY5010. Pakchoi should not be used continuously. It can be used as a forehead with onion and garlic, solanaceous fruits, melons, beans and corn. It is suitable for high loam, convenient drainage and irrigation, low groundwater level and deep soil layer. It is suitable for loam or clay loam rich in organic matter, water retention and fertility. In summer, it is advisable to use 20-25 mesh insect nets, greenhouse film and shade net to form a protected area facility [3-5].
2 cultivation season
There are many kinds of Chinese cabbage, and the growth cycle is short. It can be planted on an annual basis, harvested at the right time, and planted many times. Generally can be divided into autumn and winter cabbage, spring cabbage, summer cabbage 3 seasons.
3 cultivation techniques
3.1 Variety selection
There are many varieties of Chinese cabbage, and there are local varieties and selected varieties. Varieties that are resistant to disease, high quality, high yield, good commodity, and in line with the consumption habits of the target market should be selected according to different seasons. In autumn and winter, choose cold-tolerant and good-necked varieties, such as 'Shanghai Qing', 'Dwarf Anti-Green', 'Jingguan No. 1', 'New Zealand No. 2', 'Black Oil Tube', etc.; Commonly known as chicken jerky) or tender plants listed, seedlings should be selected before late March, such as late maturity, cold-tolerant, and bolting-resistant varieties, such as 'April slow', 'May slow', sow after the end of March, use precocious And medium-ripe autumn and winter cabbage varieties cultivation; summer cultivation should choose heat-resistant varieties, such as '甬é’1', 'anti-hot blue', 'anti-heat 605', 'Huawang', 'four season song', ' Beauty', 'Xiaguanwang', 'Deco 507' and so on. Seed quality should meet the requirements of GBl6715.2.
3.2 Soil preparation and fertilization
The land where the Chinese cabbage is planted should be ploughed 1-2 times a year, generally 20-25 cm deep, and fully soiled or frozen. If it is not possible to freeze soil and soil due to conditions, it should be ploughed and dried for 7-10 days. About 1 week before planting, 1500-2500 kg of perfuming manure per 667 m2, 8 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate; or 1000 kg per 667 m2 The decomposed manure and 20kg ternary compound fertilizer are used as the base fertilizer. After the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are mixed and spread, turn into the soil. Fine land preparation, 畦 width 1.8m (continuous ditch), height 18-20cm, ditch width 30cm. The surface is required to be flat, slightly curved, except for weeds and fore crops. Do a good job in the "three ditch" (gutter ditch, waist ditch, Tianbian ditch), which is conducive to drainage.
3.3 sowing
Seeding should be mastered and properly diluted. Spring cabbage and summer cabbage can be used for live broadcast, with a seeding rate of 400-600g per 667m2; or seedling transplanting, 150-200g per 667m2 seeding. Seeding and transplanting of autumn and winter cabbage per planting amount of 150-200g per 667m2, ratio of seedbed to Daejeon It is 1:8—1:10. Pour the bottom water before sowing. When the surface water is retreated, sprinkle the seeds evenly in time. Cover the dry fine soil 0.8-1.0cm after sowing, or cover the shading net after sowing. After the unearthed, the sunshade net was removed in time.
3.4 colonization
The row spacing of harvested plants is 20-25cm20-25cm, semi-adapted 15-20cm13-15cm, the planting distance in spring is 15cm square, and the pickled cabbage is generally 33cm33cm. Summer planting should be carried out in cloudy or sunny days, and in winter, it should be planted on sunny days. Start the seedlings and plant the roots while planting the roots. The colonization depth is preferably 2-3 cm.
3.5 Field Management
3.5.1 Management of seedling period Difficulties in emergence of drought in summer, water is poured once a day in the morning and evening before emergence to ensure water supply during seedling stage. When sprouting, if the weather is hot and dry, you should also pour joint water in the afternoon and afternoon to keep the surface dry, to prevent buds from germination. After emergence, the seedlings should be mastered and the seedlings should be taken. When the seedlings begin to “pull the crossâ€, the first seedlings should be carried out. It should be sooner or later. The distance between the seedlings and the dense seedlings is 3-4 cm. When 4-5 true leaves are grown, the first seedlings are taken. 2 times of seedlings, remove weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, distance 6-8cm. If the seedlings are strong, the distance can be thinner, the thinner is denser, and the weeds are removed at the same time. Seedling standard: plant height 13-15cm, there are 4-5 true leaves.
3.5.2 Fertilizer management 1) Topdressing. On the basis of the application of base fertilizer, topdressing is mainly based on quick-acting fertilizer. In order to prevent the accumulation of nitrate, the number of top dressing should be less. When 3-4 pieces of true leaves are sprayed with 0.2% urea or 440 mL of amino acid foliar compound fertilizer per 667 m2, 200 times diluted and sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves. After planting, combined with watering, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied 4-6 times, once every 5-7 days, from light to thick, and the total amount of topdressing per 667 m2 is 15-20 kg of urea. Human and animal fat shall not be applied during the growing period, and quick-acting fertilizer shall not be applied 7 days before harvesting. 2) Water management. Pakchoi grows vigorously under the conditions of air relative humidity of 80%-90% and soil moisture of 70%-80%. The entire growing season requires adequate water supply. Watering should be done in time after sowing to ensure Qi Miao and strong seedlings. Watering should be done after planting or replanting to promote slow seedlings. According to the cultivation season, the amount of watering is controlled. Because of the low temperature in the low temperature season, the water needs to be less and less, and the time should be arranged around noon. In the hot season, the water needs to be large, and it should be watered frequently. It should be carried out in the morning and evening. In the event of typhoon and rainy seasons, it is necessary to pay attention to clearing drainage in time. After the summer showers, rinse the mud on the leaves with water.
4 pests and diseases control
4.1 Pest Control
4.1.1 Principles of Prevention According to the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€, priority is given to agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and rational use of chemical control.
4.1.2 Agricultural control should use excellent varieties of resistance (resistance) disease, and carry out 1-2 years of rotation with non-cruciferous crops, strengthen cultivation management, cultivate strong seedlings, scientifically fertilize, do a good job of pastoral cleaning, and timely drainage after rain.
4.1.3 Physical biological control In summer, high temperature shacks are used to reduce pathogenic bacteria. Physical and biological control measures such as insect-proof nets, silver-gray films, yellow plates, sexual attractants, black lights, and frequency-vibration lamps are used.
4.1.4 Chemical control pesticide application should meet the requirements of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276. Attention should be paid to the safety interval. Generally, the spraying should be stopped 7-10 days before the harvest of the cabbage (carbendazim requires that the spraying be stopped 15 days before harvesting).
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