Two microbiological studies published in the British journal Nature recently stated that scientists have established the largest data set of infant microbiomes to date, using it to elaborate on the formation of early human intestinal flora. The results also analyze the relationship between microbiome and infant development and its potential impact on type 1 diabetes.
The intestinal flora will change constantly, but the transition from infancy to childhood is not fully understood by humans. Studies have shown that the microbiome may be associated with pathological features of different diseases, including type I diabetes. To investigate this relationship, the TEDDY study established one of the largest infant microbiome datasets to date, with samples from six clinical centers in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Finland.
The Baylor College of Medicine research team used gene sequencing to analyze 12,500 stool samples from 903 children in the TEDDY study. These samples were taken from children aged 3 to 46 months and collected monthly. The team found that changes in the composition of the microbiome and diversity can be divided into three distinct phases: developmental period (3-14 months), transitional period (15-30 months), and stationary phase (31 months and above). During the developmental stage, elevated bifidobacteria levels are associated with breastfeeding, and the diversity of the microbiome increases as the infant's intake of complementary foods increases after weaning. The temporary increase in Bacteroides is associated with birthing in the birth canal, and the diversity of intestinal flora and increased intestinal maturity are associated with an increase in Bacteroides (unrelated to the mode of delivery). In addition, siblings, contact with pets, and geographic location are also factors that contribute to differences in microbiome.
In another paper, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard University's Bode Institute analyzed early colonic flora in children with type 1 diabetes by analyzing nearly 11,000 stool samples from 783 infants in the TEDDY study. Characterization. The team found that infants without type 1 diabetes had more genes associated with fermentation and short-chain fatty acid synthesis in their microbiome. Combined with previous evidence, short-chain fatty acids have a protective effect.
The researchers said both studies characterized infant intestinal flora and provided valuable resources for researchers. (Reporter Zhang Mengran)
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