Here mainly introduces the breeding of bigmouth bass, flower buds and barramundi. First, the biology of crickets (a) the biology of the bigmouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), also known as black locust, California cricket, big mouth cricket. The freshwater waters originating in the Americas are important freshwater economic fishes in the area. The middle of the 20th century was introduced to all parts of the world. In 1983, Guangzhou was introduced from Taiwan. It has been proved that it has the characteristics of strong adaptability, rapid growth, less disease, easy fishing, tender meat, and delicious taste. The bigmouth scorpionfish is a genus, and it is a genus of sunfish. Body extended and flat side, back black, abdomen gray, body side with black stripes. The eyeballs are prominent and the mouth is cracked. After passing through the eyes, the body is covered with fine scales. The jaw is slightly protruding. Teeth are fine, villous and sharp. 9 hard basal spines of the first dorsal fin, 12-13 fins of the second dorsal fin, 3 spines of the anal fin, 10 to 12 fins of the anal fin, 1 spine of the pelvic fin, 5 hard spines, 12 to 14 fins of the pectoral fin, lateral striate scales 64-66, 7-8/17-18V. Largemouth bass is a wide distribution of warm-water fish, the appropriate temperature range of 2-34 °C, the most suitable for 25-28 °C, less than 5 °C or higher than 28 °C poor feeding. Hi clear water quality, artificial breeding and domestication can also adapt to living in low-fertilizer water. Requirements for dissolved oxygen in water above 4mg/l, dissolved oxygen below 1.85mg/l appear floating head, suitable for pH6-8.5. Juveniles often live in clusters and adults are scattered. It is more gentle and does not like jumping. The stomach is cystic, more developed, the intestines are shorter, and the pylorus is single-branched, ranging in length from 21 to 23. Largemouth bass is a carnivorous fish with the dual characteristics of mild and ferocious carnivorous fish. In natural water bodies, aquatic insects, shrimps, small fish, zooplankton, and benthic animals come to eat. Under artificial breeding conditions, live baits, fish pieces, and fish paste can be ingested, and they can feed on compound feeds after tame food. Largemouth bass is a large, fast-growing fish, which was raised 0.5 to 0.75 kg by artificial breeding; the second year amounted to 1.5 kg; the third year was about 2.5 kg. The largest known individual is 75 cm in length and weighs 9.7 kg. The largest individual captured in rivers is 82.7 cm long and weighs 10.1 kg. Largemouth bass can naturally mature in the pond, spawn, fertilize and hatch until larvae emerge. 1 The male and female fishes of the winter age can mature under the intensive cultivation of ponds in southern China. Natural spawning can be done on plants, stones, sand nests, etc. The egg is sticky, light golden yellow and has a golden oil ball inside. At 18-21°C, larvae were hatched at 45 hours and larvae were hatched at 24-26°C for 30 hours. (b) The flower buds of Lateolabrax japonicus, also known as the seven-star cockroach, eel, squid, barley, and river eel. Is a turtle-shaped head, the fish of the Department. It is one of the important economic fishes in China's coastal areas and rivers. Widely distributed in freshwater bodies along the coast and in the sea. The calyx is a wide temperature and wide-salinity fish. It is one of the most valuable fishes because of its fast growth, strong adaptability, low disease, delicate meat and delicious taste, and rich nutrition. The flower body is slender and flat. The head is big, the kiss is more pointed, the mouth is bigger, the end position is, and the mouth crack is slightly oblique. The jaw is longer than the upper jaw, and the upper and lower jaws are fine-toothed and ribbon-like. Sparse sparsely. The head is scaled. The front cranial bone has fine serrations on the trailing edge, 3 large gears on the trailing edge, and 1 on the posterior end of the humeral shaft. There are 2 dorsal fins, the first dorsal fin has 12 hard spines, the second dorsal fin consists of 13 fins; the ventral fins are thoracic; the caudal fins are forked. The dorsal side is grayish blue and ventral silvery white. Dorsal and dorsal fin spines were scattered with some black spots, and the spots gradually became indistinct with age. The calyx inhabits salt and fresh water in the estuary and can also live in fresh water. It is a submarine shallow-sea fish. In spring and summer, groups of rivers come into the river to feed freshwater. Often mixed with water into the fish pond. Calyces juveniles and adult fish are generally organized in groups. Broodstock often lay eggs between reefs along the estuary from December to February. The seedlings with a body length of 1.5 cm or less floated on the surface of the sea. When they reach 2 cm, they swim to the coastal zone or estuary. When they reach 5 cm, they start to feed on the river. The first-instar juveniles mostly inhabit the estuaries and shallow waters along the coast in the autumn, while those less than 2 years old often swim in freshwater. The ferocious flower buds are carnivorous. They feed on fish and shrimp and are good at catching other fish. Fry that live in estuaries feed on zooplankton. When the body is more than 10 cm in length, the small fish and shrimp are preyed and the feeding intensity varies with the season. 1 instar fish can grow up to 25 cm in length and weigh 250 g; 2 instars have 40 cm in length and weigh up to 850 g; 3 instars are 50 cm in length and weigh 1.5 kg; 4-8 instars increase in length by about 4 years per year. 6 cm, weight 400-800 grams. The largest individual is 100 cm long and weighs 15-20 kg. The mature age of the calyx is 3 years old, the youngest mature male is 2nd-age, the female is 3rd-age, and generally 4th-age is all mature. 60-centimetre females have 200,000 eggs. One egg per year is produced, which is a type of asynchronous spawning type. The breeding season is December-February. Egg buoyancy, egg diameter 1.35-1.44 mm, there is an oil ball, yolk uniform. Fertilized eggs hatch at 14°C and 4-5 days later. The salinity of the spawning ground of the Astragalus spp. is 26.79-31.74 ,, preferably 27.5-31.74 ‰; the minimum temperature for reproduction is 12.7°C and the highest is 22°C. (iii) Lateralis calcarifer, also known as Blindfish Cao, Jinmujing, and Hongmujing. Is a genus-shaped head, sawfish family (also divided into Auriculariae). Is a large carnivorous fish. Widely distributed in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean tropical and subtropical sea areas. It is often seen in the waters of South China and Southeast China. The countries currently cultivating are Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines and China. As early as the 1980s, its aquaculture production was nearly 2,000 tons. The breeding methods in Southeast Asia are mainly cages and fish. In China, cage culture is the mainstay and fish pond culture has been developed in recent years. The barred owls are long and flat, with flat sides, pointed tips, slightly dorsal dorsum, and bulging to the front of the dorsal fin. Sharp, slightly flat. The patella has hard jagged teeth. There are two dorsal fins, connected at the base. The first dorsal fin has 7-9 hard spikes, the second dorsal fin has 10-11 fins; the anal fin is round, the anal fins have 3 hard tines, 7-8 fins; , Fan-shaped, with larger scales. Body color is grayish on the side and silvery on the lower side. Barramundi is a wide-salinity fish that inhabits rivers, lakes, estuaries, and offshore waters that are connected to the sea. It is particularly popular in rivers with low flow rates, many silt, and high turbidity. Juveniles that have been hatched are distributed in the coastal brackish waters. Juveniles over 1 cm in length can live in freshwater. The 1st-age fish enters the river, and when it is 2 years old, it is spread over rivers and estuaries. Barramundi are carnivorous fish that feed on fish, shrimp, and crabs. Juveniles feed on zooplankton and crustaceans. When there are large individual differences in culture, they often show similar disability. Barramunda is a tropical fish, when the water temperature is 25-30°C, the appetite is vigorous and grows rapidly; when the water temperature is 18°C, feeding is stopped; when the water temperature drops to 10-12°C, it cannot survive. Barramundi grow to 3-5 kg ​​in natural conditions from 2 to 3 years of age. When about 4 kg, the growth rate gradually slowed down. The fry can grow to 500 grams in captivity that year. Barramundi are sexually mature at 3 to 4 years of age. Most of the early stage (1.5-2.5 kg body weight) are male, and most of them become female when the body weight is 4-6 kg. Barramundi spawn fish all year round, and spawns from April to August. Spawning takes place in waters with high salinity near the estuary (30-32 feet, water depth is 10-15 meters). Mature brooders cluster in the upper layers of water when they are spawning. Spawning occurs in the new moon or full moon. That is, 18-20 o'clock in the evening. The broodstock with a body weight of 12 kilograms can reach 7.5 million eggs, and the broodstock with 19 kilograms can produce 8.5 million grains. Barramundi are spawning types, egg buoyancy, egg diameter 0.68-0.77 mm, average 0.71 mm, with an oil ball in the egg. The incubation time is 15-20 hours when the water temperature is 25-30°C. Second, the artificial reproduction of apes (a) artificial breeding of largemouth bass, the choice of broodstock and cultivation of largemouth bass can reach sexual maturity, but the amount of spawning is small. Generally choose 1-3 winter, weight 0.5-2.0 kg as broodstock. The broodstock is required to have good constitution, large individuals, no damage, and no disease. The majority of broodstocks are raised in a special pool, divided into males and females, with 200-300 tails per acre and another 30-40 tail frogfish. Feed 3-5% of body weight daily during the breeding period. Regular flushing in winter to keep the water fresh is beneficial to the gonad development of broodstock, and it can be arrested (South) from February to March, and mature broodstock can be selected for artificial breeding. The broodstock breeding can also be polycultured in the wild fish and broodstock ponds, with 10-20 tails per mu, which can also achieve better results. 2. The difference between male and female of mature broodstock of broodstock is more obvious. Female abdomen is soft and inflated. The outline of the ovary is obvious. The upper and lower abdomen are even in size, the abdomen is concave in the center, and the anus of the genital hole is reddish and slightly prominent. Male and female fish gently press the abdomen with milky semen out of the liquid and can diffuse in the water. From the appearance, large, healthy and lively mature individuals can be selected for artificial breeding. 3. The spawning ponds are prepared to artificially breed largemouth bass and require special preparation for spawning ponds. Cement pools or small fish ponds can be used, and the size depends on the scale of production. Small cement pool area within 1 mu, water depth 0.6-1 m, 1-2 pairs of broodstock per 20 square meters. The area of ​​the pond is less than 5 mu and the depth of water is about 1 meter. 20-30 pairs of broodstock are placed per acre. The pond base has a certain slope. Put some stones, bricks and aquatic plants around the pond in order to prepare the broodstock for nesting before laying eggs. Ovary production can be made into basin type and gravel type. The materials can be water grass, brown pieces, willow roots, mesh pieces and so on. 4, oxytocin injection hormone oxytocin can make a large number of female parent fish concentrated spawning hatch. The evacuation period in southern China is from February to May, and the suitable water temperature is 18-26°C. Cloudy weather is more effective than strong sunshine weather. One injection may be used, or two injections may be used, with two time intervals of 6-8 hours. Oxytocin hormone can use a single hormone or mixed hormones, the following dose (per kilogram of female fish, male reduction by half): (1) scorpion, scorpion, scorpion pituitary oxytocin, pituitary 5-6 mg; pituitary pit 10-20 mg. (2) HCG2000-4000IU. (3) LRH-A 500 μg, which is less effective than HCG. (4) Pituitary gland 3mg + HCG1800IU. The effect of largemouth bass is relatively long and varies in length. When the water temperature is 20-26°C, the effect time ranges from 20 hours to 11 days. The fish is a multiple spawning type. In a spawning tank, males and females sometimes see oestrus in the ovaries for 1-2 days, and eggs are found in the brood on the third day. 5. After hatching, the fertilized egg of the bigmouth bass is 1.2 mm in diameter, and the newly hatched larvae have a total length of 3 mm. Water temperature 18-21 °C, 2 days before hatching larvae; water temperature 24-26 °C, hatched larvae nearly 1.5 days. The larvae are transparent and colorless when they are released from the membrane. Adhesive substances adhere to the bottom of the yolk sac and are generally difficult to see. Five days after spawning, larval melanin emerged and it was easy to see when feeding from the middle of the spawning nest and feeding in the water layer. Newly hatched fry are protected by male fish, but when the fry grows to about 2 cm, they can be swallowed by male fish. Therefore, within a few days after the hatching of the fry, the broodstock should be picked up and put into the broodstock pond for intensive breeding, or the spawning pond can be used to raise fry. (2) The breeding of the artificial propagation calyx of the calyx is currently at the stage of exploration and research in the country and it fails to form mass production. Artificially propagated broodstock can be matured in ponds and mature individuals can be harvested from natural water bodies. HCG and carp pituitary aphrodisiac are injected during the breeding season each year. The injection dose was HCG 1000 IU per kilogram of female fish and 1-2 pituitary pituitaries. About 28 hours after the injection, the squid can be seen chasing the estrus and immediately arrested for artificial insemination. The females with body length of 51-61 cm had 172-22 million eggs. The fertilized egg is transparent, buoyant, and the egg diameter is 1.22-1.45 mm. You can use running water to hatch. At a water temperature of 14°C, fry were hatched after 4-5 days. The newly hatched fish fry body is 4.2-4.6 mm long and uses the yolk in the yolk sac as a nutrient. The larvae and rotifers are fed on the third day. When the body is up to 6 mm long on the 13th day, they can be fed. Festival larvae. On the 26th day when the body was 1.1 cm long, the brew began to be fed and began to gradually fade into fresh water, and then fry cultivation was carried out. (iii) Artificial breeding of the barramundi Since 1971, when Thailand's mature broodstock had been harvested at a natural spawning ground for artificial insemination, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Australia have successively conducted artificial breeding of barramundi. The artificial propagation of barramundi in our country started relatively late. In 1985, the artificial breeding of broodstock developed from fish in Taiwan was successful. In 1986, the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences obtained fry from catching broodstock in natural sea areas for breeding. The Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute has developed fish rearing broodstock in ponds since 1985, and further intensified cultivation to obtain sexually mature broodstock. In 1989, the first matured broodstock was used for oxytocin production and a small amount of fry was obtained. In 1990, another 4.09 million larvae were obtained. In the country, it was the first time that a full-scale reproduction of barramundi was successful. In addition, the salinity of broodstock breeding is wider than the existing salinity requirements in Thailand, which makes a new breakthrough in the artificial propagation of the barramundi. Since 1997, Hainan has used its climate advantage and the population of barramundi has reached a productive scale. 1. The source of the broodstock and the source of selection for artificial breeding of broodstock, usually spawned by natural spawning grounds or ponds. Where conditions permit, it is better for them to grow better. Generally, the broodstock needs to have a body weight of 2-8 kilograms, good physical condition, no injury, health, and strong activity. The source of the broodstock of the Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute is cultivated on its own. The method is to raise 1-8 cm fingerlings to 1 kg of reserve broodstock. The pro-fish pond is 0.6 mu, the water depth is 1.5 meters, and the salinity is 4-16 inches. The broodstock was stocked with 70 tails, and the mixed fish was fed once a day. The amount of feeding was 2-3% of the body weight. The water was changed 1-2 times a month to keep the water fresh. During the winter, the water temperature is maintained between 18-20°C, the salinity is 8-20 ‰, and the feeding amount is 4-5%. After wintering, they were incubated in two different salinity water bodies. The first is cement tanks with 15-30 cubic meters in depth and 1.2 meters in water depth, with a salinity of 30-33 ‰, one brood fish per 3 to 5 cubic meters, and 30-40% new water every day. The second is that in 0.6 mu fish ponds, the salinity is 4-16 ‰, about 70 tails/mu, and the feeding amount is 2-3%. During the incubation period, examine the broodstock once or twice a month and observe the maturation. 2. Identification of males and females and maturity The gender of males and females is also easier to distinguish in non-breeding seasons. Usually, males are smaller in body size than females and slightly curved in the snout. During the spawning season, the abdomen of the female fish was significantly enlarged, and white sperm flowed out after the male's abdomen was tapped. Check broodstock once or twice a month during intensive cultivation. When the abdomen of the female is swollen, the outline of the ovary is seen on both sides. The genital hole is hypertrophied or has a pinkish color. Check the egg with an egg digger. When the diameter of the egg reaches 0.4-0.5 mm, the size is uniform, and the egg is full and full of yolk. mature. The males were examined by abdominal pressure method. White (or milky yellow) thick, thick-lined semen was used. When the water was scattered, it also showed that they had matured and could be used as a pair. 3, oxytocin and hatching are introduced as an example of the scented venom of the Zhujiang Fisheries Research Institute. Select woundless and active broodstock to start priming. The spawning pond is a rectangular concrete pool of 15-32 square meters, with a depth of about 1 meter and a salinity of 20-33 inches. Place 3-4 pairs of broodstock per pool. The first needle used during oxytocin was: LRH-A35-40μg + DOM 2mg/kg; the second needle: LRH-A90-100μg + DOM 2.5mg/kg; males were injected with only one needle, the same as the first female female. The female's injection needle distance is 20-24 hours. At a water temperature of 26-32.5°C, spawning occurs 8-13.5 hours after the injection of the second needle. The effect time is related to water temperature and broodstock maturation, such as 9 hours at 30-32.5°C; 13 hours at 26-27°C; when maturity is good, spawning is needed at 27-30°C in just 8 hours. The spawning rate is generally 100%, and the fertility rate is as high as 96.6%. The fertilized eggs were non-adhesive, with egg diameters of 0.68-0.77 mm and an average of 0.71 mm. One oil ball, diameter 0.24-0.26 mm, average 0.25 mm, with several small oil balls. Fertilized membrane swelling is not obvious. Fertilized eggs are buoyant when their salinity is 27 degrees or more. General control of broodstock spawns at high tide at night. The next morning, use a 160-mesh sieve to collect the fertilized eggs and move them to the hatching pond or remove the broodstock to let the fertilized eggs hatch in the original pond (the former is good). The hatchery area ranges from 0.7 to 32 square meters. The water depth is 0.5-1.2 meters, and the salinity is 20-33 inches. It is slightly inflated with aerolite. Fertilized eggs hatching density of 10-500 million / cubic meter, water temperature 28-29 °C, about 15 hours after fertilization hatch larvae, fresh fish just larvae 1.58-1.77 mm, an average of 1.72 mm. 3. Breeding of Aphid Seedlings (I) Breeding of Largemouth Bass Seedlings The third day after hatching, the yoke sacs disappear, ie they ingest plankton and enter the fry stage. The fry can be cultivated with concrete tanks, or it can be cultivated with ponds or cages. The feed is sufficient, the fry are cultivated for about a month and the body length is up to 3-4 cm. 1. Cement ponds The cement pool area should be about 100 square meters and the water depth should be 0.6-1 meters. It can also use the original spawning pool. Stocking density depends on the conditions. Adequate water sources, a pool of water that can often be flushed with conditions, 500-800 tails of fish fry less than 2 cm in length per square meter, 200-300 tails in 2 to 3 cm, and 100-200 tails in 3-4 cm. Do not flush the water more often. Artificial feeding is the main method. Fry of less than 3 cm can be fed with rotifers, leeches, etc. Fry of 3 cm or more can be fed with larvae and red worms, and small fish and shrimp can be cast at larger ages. During the cultivation period, feed supply is ensured, and live bait is the mainstay, maintaining good water quality. At a water temperature of about 25°C, about 25 days of incubation, the fish can reach 3 cm and the survival rate is about 80%. 2. The pond cultivation area should be smaller, preferably within 0.5 mu, and the water depth should be about 1 meter. Fish seedlings will be cleaned with fresh lime in 7-10 days before the lower pond. After clear ponds, they will release manure or large grass and dilute water. The amount of fertilizer will be 200-300 kg/mu. Plankton will be cultivated to provide adequate live bait for fry. The fish should be tested on the day before the lower pond. Normally, about 50,000 fishes are hatched per acre. The cultivation method is mainly to add additional fertilizers in a timely manner, a small number of times, and to add other live baits or artificial feeds in time when the feed is insufficient in the later period. After a month of cultivation, the fry can grow to 3-4 cm. The survival rate is 50-60%. 3, during the cultivation of the management of large black crickets, weak meat, strong food, relatively serious fratricide, and the growth rate is different, the size of the disparity in the case of insufficient food, big fish eat fish. Therefore, during fry cultivation, the following points must be observed: First, the stocked fry should be hatched in the same batch so that the size of the fry is the same; next, the fry grows to about 3 cm. When the scales are relatively complete, they must be screened in time and divided by size. The pool is cultivated. After every 10 days, the ponds are sparse once every 20 days. The fry stocked in Tong Tong is less than twice the difference in body weight. The third largest seabream is rich in appetite. 50% of the body weight must be fed regularly and quantitatively to ensure sufficient food and small individuals can eat it. 4. Breeding of large-scale fingerlings should be performed in a graded manner. Otherwise, the survival rate will be reduced due to residual food in the species. The first stage is bred from 3–4 cm to 5–6 cm or more and can be kept in a cement pond or pond (see above); the second stage is grown from 5–6 cm to 14–16 cm in the concrete pool , cultivated in ponds and cages. (1) Seedlings with a depth of 0.8-1 m in stocking tanks, 50-75 tails of fish species with 3-4 cm stocking rate per square meter (which may be increased if there are additional facilities), and may grow to 5-6 for 15-20 days In centimeters, the survival rate is about 80%. The water depth of the pond is 1-1.2 meters, and 1-2 centimeters of 1-2 centimeters of fish can be placed per acre. The feed is adequate, and the specifications can be up to 5-6 centimeters for about 15 days, and the survival rate is about 60%. When cement ponds and ponds raise fish species, the size increases by 2 cm, and the stocking density decreases by about half. Net cages to raise fish species, specifications for stocking from 5 cm is good, stocking 1000-2000 per square meter is appropriate, when the specifications increase, the stocking density is reduced. (2) It is advisable to use a cement tank of 20-30 square meters for domesticated food ponds that can eat largemouth bass and have microfluidic water. Per square meter stocking 4 centimeters of fish species about 500. The denser fish in the domesticated pool is mainly to ensure that fish compete for food. For example, if chilled fish and fish paste (or fish) are used, they are mixed with minced fish and fish pulp, and then they are transferred to fully used fish pulp; if they are domesticated with pellet feed, they are fed with feed and pellet feed. , and then transition to completely feed with stockings. The first week of tame-feeding was fed every 2 hours a day, and then fed 4 times a day and then reduced to 2 times. The daily feeding amount is 5-10%, and artificial domestication is generally two weeks. (3) Management with big mouths. (II) Breeding of flower buds Currently, most of the seedlings cultivated in China are relying on natural seeded fishes. The calyx is a carnivorous. In the natural environment, the fry whose body length is less than 3 cm mainly ingests zooplankton, shrimp and other small crustaceans. Freshly domesticated fry can be kept in a cement tank or a cage and baited in the initial stage. After the initial feeding of leeches, leeches, etc., the broth can be gradually changed into leeches, fish pastes, then dip or rice bran, peanut cake, etc. Mixed with fish slurry and fed 2~3 times daily. During the cultivation, we must always carefully observe the water quality and fry dynamics to determine the amount of feeding. Generally eaten on the same day as the degree, to prevent feeding excessive residual sediment deposits pool bottom water quality. If the cultivation pond is outdoors, it is easy to produce algae such as sponges due to decomposition of residual feed and exposure to sunlight. Sponge often fry for a long time, and death can occur. The fish pond can be covered with opaque materials (such as plastic sheets). Oxygen can be added using an air pump to prevent hypoxia. The calyx mainly depends on the visual search, so it should try to attract the attention of the fish when feeding. If only the feed is gently placed on the surface of the water and sinks quietly, the fry usually does not find food. When the fry can adapt to the thrown feed and grow to about 3 cm in length, it can be stocked in a large fish pond. The growth speed of fry is very different. When there is not enough food, big fish will eat small fish. Therefore, close attention should be paid to giving adequate feed, or fry breeding should be conducted when appropriate. (iii) Breeding fry and breeding of barramundi is the most critical part of barramundi farming. However, the surviving rate of fry survival, especially the size below 3 cm, is currently still low, with Thailand and other nurseries growing at around 15%. The current domestic nursery is basically similar. Larvae to 0.7 cm seedlings: Cultivation ponds 10-15 m2, water depth 1 m, salinity 20-33 ‰, stocking density 10000-13000/m2, micro-inflated. Chlorella was given the next day to make the water pale green, used as a rotifer feed and to regulate water quality. On the third day, the yolk sac of the larvae was absorbed and the food was opened. The rotifers should be fed at a density of 4-6/ml. After this, feed rotifers and algae 2-3 times a day, change the water 20-30%, and absorb the dirt every other day. About one week later, the bait was changed to rotifer plus Artemia nauplii and fed 1-2 times a day. Change the water volume to about 50%, water temperature 20-29 °C, 18 days of age can be grown to 0.7-0.8 cm. 0.7-2.5 cm fry: The fry are stocked to 241 meters cages with a density of 1250-2000 tails/m2. The bait is mainly composed of larvae and fish paste. It is fed 4-5 times a day, grading and rinsing for about one week, or packing. The water temperature is 27.5-33.5°C, and the salinity is about 5 ,. After one month of cultivation, the fry grows to 2.1-2.3 cm and the survival rate is 59%. 2.5-5 cm fingerlings: The cultivation pond is changed to a fish pond. About 2 acres of fish ponds, water depth of about 0.8 meters. The amount of stocking was 2,300 fish per mu and fish paste was fed 3-4 times a day. Before each feeding, hit the water with the object, and slowly splash the fish slurry after the fish are clustered. At a water temperature of 23.5-34°C for one month, the fry was 5.4-16 cm in length. The survival rate is 80.2%. Barramundi are carnivorous fish and have a nature of mutual food. It has been observed that six tails of 3-4 cm in diameter have swallowed eight 1.2 cm individuals within 24 hours. Therefore, during culturing, grading must be performed at regular intervals. The appropriate grading time should start at the 10th to 15th day of the fry and once a week thereafter. It is generally believed that the survival rate of barramundi larvae in the first 7 days after hatching is relatively low, only about 30%, followed by a 15-20% reduction every 5-7 days, until the 30th day, the total survival rate is between 17-18%. Before the 8th day of age, the growth of body length was relatively slow, and the growth curve was flat. After that, the growth was accelerated, and the growth curve gradually increased. Generally, the naked eye observed before 8 days of age was that the fish body became fat, but the body length did not change much. During the development of the larvae from the larvae to the larvae, the diet of the barramundi is more complicated, and they pass through several links such as algae, rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and fish pulp. The diet of larvae is mainly algae, with a small number of rotifers and larger protozoa, after which the rotifer content gradually increased. Turnips are generally bred to the 12th or 18th day. When the fry is about half a centimeter long, it can feed Artemia larvae without any larval body. Generally, when the fry size varies, the Artemia larvae and rotifers can be mixed and fed. It is ideal to start eating fish paste at 1.5-2 cm, and fish slurry can be fully fed above 2 cm. Live baits should be fed as far as conditions permit. The barramundi fry seedlings are highly adaptable to salinity and can tolerate drastic changes in salinity. The larvae on the second day after hatching are directly placed in seawater of 17 从 from a salinity of 26 , for a period of 7 days during observation. Both can normally feed on growth. The lower limit of salinity in early stage of nursery is about 10 为, and fry above 1 cm can be fully cultivated and cultured in freshwater. The cultivation density is generally considered to be suitable for 30-40 tails/liter before 7 days of age, and no adjustment is required within 15 days. The death of larvae will naturally halve its density. After that, it will be reduced by 50% every 5 days, and by the 20th day, it should be 5-10 tails/liter. The stocking density at the 1-2.5 cm stage varies considerably, ranging from 80-100/m3 to 1000-1500/m3. However, according to tests conducted by the Zhujiang Fisheries Research Institute, this stage should be controlled within 1000/m3. In the breeding of barramundi fish fry, timely grading is an important factor to improve the survival rate. This work is generally performed on days 12-15 and is graded every 5 days or so. Individual differences are considerable on days 12-15. Larger individuals (7 mm) can devour other smaller ones (4 Mm) individual. Fourth, the oyster species of food fish farming (a) largemouth bass fish farming largemouth bass can be the main breeding and polyculture, the general cage, water way to adopt the main support; and ponds can be polyculture, but also the main support. 1. Pond polyculture In a pond stocked with conventional species, the appropriate amount of largemouth bass is to be used to remove wild fish, shrimp, aquatic insects and benthic organisms in fish ponds, thereby reducing their impact on stocking species. Increase income and increase economic efficiency. Generally, 30-40 fish species are stocked per mu of fish ponds, and no additional feed is required. At the end of the year, 15-20 kg of largemouth bass can be harvested. 2. When ponds are bred and cultured, clear ponds, backwaters, fertilize plankton, and cultivate phytoplankton. Then add 500,000 to 1 million squid or squid or squid per acre. Raise them to 2-3 cm according to fry cultivation methods. For feed fish, generally 20 days later, new water should be added to reduce the fatness. Each preparation should be placed in 1600-2000 tails of 5-6 cm large-mouthed black bream, and large fingerlings of 14-16 cm in size can be developed after 20-30 days. Then tamed with fresh fish paste and fed. Or directly into the fish-fed 14-16 cm large fish species 600-1000 tail. The main fish ponds with large mouths and oysters can be used with a small amount of squid and squid to regulate water quality and feed on the bait. The ponds that mainly support largemouth bass generally use chilled and mixed fish as feed. Individuals below 50g cast fish and fish, and individuals above 50g cast fish, with a daily feed rate of 5-10%, twice daily in the afternoon. Can also be voted pellet feed, daily bait rate of 4-6%. The main management work is to screen the grading once every 20-30 days in the early stage of stocking (150 grams), in order to ensure the uniformity of individuals and improve the survival rate. The domestication of large-sized fingerlings can be carried out in the mesh of a cement pond or pond, preferably with micro-flowing water. During the entire breeding process, fresh water should be maintained, water should be changed regularly, and oxygenation machines should be started in due course. 3. For cage culture, see cage culture and aquaculture. (2) The cultivated flower pods of the flower fishes of the calyx can be cultivated in freshwater, brackish water and seawater. They can be cultured in ponds, cages, running waters, as well as in main and mixed cultures. The cultivation methods are various. . Its breeding technology is basically the same as the big mouth. Here is an example of the situation of the breeding of flower buds in the Suyou famous aquaculture farm in Chashan Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The pond area is 0.5-1 hectares with an average water depth of 1.5-1.8 meters. The facilities for water intake and drainage are complete. Before the ponds are stocked, the ponds are thoroughly cleared, and the returning water maintains a transparency of 30 centimeters. The whole breeding process is divided into two stages. The first stage is the cultivation of the middle of the seedlings. The rough mesh fence is placed in the pool firstly. The area is 100-150 square meters, and the fish species of 3-5 centimeters is 80-100 tails/square meter. , about 15-20 days after the spread of the net Wai, changed to pond culture, density 8-10 tail / square meters, after 60 days to develop into 10 to 12 cm above fish species. The second stage is food fish farming. The 10-12 cm fingerlings are placed at a density ranging from 700-1200 per acre to the adult fish pond. After breeding for 10 months, the commodity size is 750-1000 grams. In the middle of the training, the fish were fed mainly with a daily feed rate of 15-20%, which was fed three times. Adult fish culture mainly uses chilled fish, and the daily feed rate is 8-10%, which is divided into two feedings. According to the dissolved oxygen, temperature, and plankton biomass of the pond, the management will adjust the amount of water exchanged. Generally, the average daily exchange volume of water in the early days is 10%, and the average daily exchange volume of water in the later period is 27-30%. To ensure the normal growth of farmed fish, aerators and waterwheels have been added to the ponds. (3) The culture methods of barramundi, a species of fish with barramundi fishes, are the same as those of flower pods (only the temperature range is narrower than that of flower pods), but the growth rate is faster than that of pods. In the process of breeding, the fish must be cultivated in the middle of a pond or a cage. The fish species of 3-5 cm can be cultivated for 20 days or so, and the fish species of 8-10 cm can be bred, or they can be bred in a net enclosure. Large-size fish species. The rearing pool should be located near the bank of the estuary or where the water source is sufficient for traffic, drainage and drainage, and the mid-tidal line to ensure that the maximum amount of water to be exchanged can reach 1/3 or more. If necessary, an aerator can be equipped with an area of ​​5-20 mu. The depth of water is more than one and a half meters and the salinity is not limited. Adult fish breeding general acre 350-400 tail, specifications 9-10 cm, 120-180 days of culture, product specifications for 500-1000 grams, or even greater survival rate of 90%. The feeds fed are mainly mixed fish or chilled fish. The barramundi are chilly and will lose their water temperature below 12°C, so they must harvest or overwinter before the end of November.

Food Safty And Quality Service

what is Food safety and Quality services?

Food safety and Quality services is a broad field that covers a variety of professional activities and solutions to ensure the safety and quality of food from production, processing, storage, transportation to marketing. Here are some of the main services:
1. Regulatory Advisory and Compliance Services: Provide advice on national and international food safety regulations, standards and guidelines to help food companies understand and comply with relevant legal requirements.
2. Risk assessment and management: Identify and assess possible food safety risks in the food production chain, and develop and implement a risk management plan to reduce these risks.
3. Laboratory testing and analysis: Provide chemical, microbiological, physical and sensory testing and analysis services for food samples to ensure food quality and safety.
4. Supply chain monitoring and traceability: Through advanced technology and systems, real-time monitoring and traceability of the food supply chain to ensure traceability and transparency of the product source.
5. Education, training and capacity building: Provide food enterprises and related personnel with food safety and quality management training and education to improve their knowledge and skills.
6. Technical support and research and development: Provide technical support and research and development services for specific food or production process, including new product development, production process improvement and food safety technology research and development.
7. Crisis management and emergency response: In the event of a food safety incident, provide crisis management strategies and emergency response measures to protect public health and the reputation of the business.
8. Audit and third party audit: Conduct internal and external food safety and quality audits to verify that the enterprise complies with the specified standards and requirements.
The goal of Food Safety and Quality services is to protect the health of consumers, maintain public trust in the food industry, and help companies improve product quality, meet regulatory requirements and enhance market competitiveness. These services are usually provided by professional consulting companies, inspection agencies, scientific research institutions or relevant government departments.

Food satety quality control purchasing, food safety test service, Risk assessment and management, Laboratory testing and analysis, food regulatory advisory and compliance services

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