Now researchers have been able to "spoof" rapidly mutating immune cells to produce new proteins based on their own will. This new method is an important advance in the creation of markers that can be used to track proteins in living animals. The researchers published these results in the recent Proceedings of the National Acedemy of Sciences. Molecular biological researchers have long used fluorescent proteins as markers for tracking intracellular proteins. However, since these fluorescent labels emit visible light, such light can be absorbed by body tissues and therefore they are not suitable for tracking molecules in intact animals. Roger Tsien, a biochemist at the University of California, and colleagues hope to solve this problem by improving these marker proteins (let them emit infrared light that can penetrate tissues). Because the standard genetic method is too cumbersome and slow, in order to speed up the process, Tsien et al. turned to the B cell, which is a research plant for antibody production. The frequency of this cell mutation is 1000,000 times faster than other cells. Tsien's team linked the red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene to a DNA sequence that turns on RFP production (this sequence responds to the antibiotic doxycycline). Then they transfected this tandem into large numbers of human B cells. When exposed to doxycycline, these cells can start producing RFP. Like the antibodies they make, these B cells can mutate the RFP gene and thus produce a large number of variants. Next, the researchers used green light to stimulate these cells and select those cells that have shifted from fluorescence to infrared light. After these selected cells were expanded on their own, the researchers treated them again with doxycycline and repeated the new round of evolutionary selections, each of which took only a few days. After 23 rounds of selection "evolution", the wavelength of light emitted by these proteins changed from 610 nm to 650 nm, ie, between red and infrared light. This study has important value, and this new technology will not only be limited to the study of fluorescent protein transformation. Research provides a new and promising method for screening cells with the expected activity.
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