Apple tree plastic pruning is very important for the coming year. Xiao Bian summarizes the mistakes that fruit farmers are likely to make as follows:
Misunderstanding 1: Only heavy winter shears, ignoring summer shears.
This practice can easily lead to a vicious circle of apple trees in summer, full of trees and scars in winter. In fact, winter shears are the continuation of summer shears, summer shears are done well, and winter shears have little to do. The timely implementation of summer shears can save a lot of nutrients and promote flower bud differentiation; when the summer shears are in place, the tree potential is relatively stable, which can ensure high yield and stable yield.
Misunderstanding 2: Heavy shearing and pulling.
That is, the branch is late and the opening angle is not in place. At present, the apple production area generally has a bad phenomenon of severe depression, which is caused by the fact that the pull branch is too late and the angle is not open. The correct way is to open the base angle of the branch in the second year after planting; when the length of the branch reaches 40% of the plant spacing, the branch should be pulled into 80-90 degrees in time. This is a good tree. The key to the body structure.
Misunderstanding 3: Reluctant to go to the big branch.
Some trees have six or seven branches in the lower part. Especially crowded, the light deteriorated, causing the results inside the main branches to die, and the result was severely moved outwards. The outside of the big branches had spread to the "illegal" space, causing a dilemma that would unfortunately leave the space. To solve this problem, we should remove the extra large branches according to the principle of “excellent and inferior†in stages and in batches, and use the lateral branches of the main branches to occupy the space.
Misunderstanding 4: The tree is too high and the trunk is too low.
Trees that are too tall in the tree generally enter the fruiting period for 5 years, and should be lowered to adjust the height of the tree to 3 to 3.5 meters, generally not higher than 80% of the line spacing. The height of the trunk should generally be 80 to 100 cm. If it is too low, it should be gradually increased, replacing the lower branch with the upper branch. After the fruit trees are planted, it is necessary to select the appropriate part to leave the first layer of branches, and the following ones are firmly erased to the end.
Misunderstanding 5: The tree shape constructed is not suitable for the row spacing.
The planting was too dense, but the shape of the large crown tree was chosen, so that the existing plant spacing could not accommodate the tree body, and the orchard produced severe depression. This is also an important reason for the failure of some orchards. To prevent this phenomenon, first, in the design of the orchard, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the planted species, choose the appropriate plant spacing, and forcefully use the Qiaoguan variety to engage in dense planting. Without high technical security, it is very difficult to succeed. Second, in the shaping process, the shaping is strictly carried out according to the tree structure pattern suitable for close planting. If the phenomenon of canopy has been produced, it is necessary to pay attention to cultivating the renewed branches on the trunk, and to pull the branches open in time. After a certain amount of short branches are formed, the extra long branches are removed in time. For the large branches that cannot be renewed, on the one hand, the growth direction and angle should be adjusted, and the retracted head branches should be cultivated in the middle and rear parts, and the ring-cutting branches should be carried out at the retracted parts to promote the front-end results, and the retracted heads must be fixed after the results are obtained. After the growth force, retract and remove the front end.
Misunderstanding 6: The apple tree retreats.
The retraction of the big branch can not be reduced, and the small retraction method can easily lead to the return of the branches, and the wounds in the retraction are not easy to heal. The thickness of the base of the branch of the retracted space should not be less than 1/3 of the kerf of the living place.
Misunderstanding 7: Improper handling of the sawing port.
If the annual branch is too high, it is equivalent to the extremely heavy short cut of the branch, which leads to serious summer strips after the cut. When thinning, the cut should be close to the main branch or branch axis, the front part is slightly higher, the back part is slightly lower, and the cutting direction is 10 degrees from the growth direction of the branches. When short, the cut should be 0.5 cm away from the bud, and the near bud side is slightly higher, and the pile should not be too long. When the sawing branch is too long, it is easy to cause the wound to be infected with dry rot, and the wound is not easy to heal. Also pay attention to pruning or sawing, you should not use too much force, otherwise it will cause the branches to crack or crack inside, hurt the cortex and affect wound healing. Pay attention to the excessive branching, otherwise it will seriously affect the branching and tree potential.
Misunderstanding 8: chaos heads, short cuts.
Mainly due to the influence of the rare tree-cutting tree pruning technique in the 1950s and 1960s, the planting was densely planted, but the old techniques were followed, and the short cuts caused the tree to be strong and entered the late result. For trees that use random heads, they should be changed to moderately, appropriately thinning, paying attention to the opening angle, and cooperating with summer ring cutting and ring stripping measures to promote their early results and to press the crown. The result will be repaired and reworked later.
Misunderstanding 9: "Tiger open mouth" and the lower "wedge".
These two methods of opening angles are obsolete and old, and are not suitable for the current dense planting, especially for Fuji and Marshal varieties that are susceptible to illness. After the upper or lower opening is injured, it is easy to infect the branch disease at the wound, and the branch is weakened and the result is lost. If this method has been adopted, a new update branch should be cultivated on the trunk as soon as possible, and the angle should be opened in time to replace the injured branch in time.
Misunderstanding 10: scissors, saws are not disinfected.
The prevalence of rot and dry rot has a lot to do with scissors and sawdust, and not paying attention to disinfection will have serious consequences. The correct way is to cut off the rot or dry rot, then sterilize or sew the pruning tool 5 times 9281; cut the slash should be treated in time, can be mixed with 1/15 methyl thiophanate Pure or sulphur powder oil is applied to the kerf.
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