Organic fertilizer can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, promote soil microbial reproduction, improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility, fertilizer supply and buffer capacity, and play an important role in increasing yield. However, the composition of organic fertilizers is complex and it is especially important to be reasonable when applied. Improper application will result in loss of nutrients, and even the difficulty in water absorption of crop roots may occur, such as root burning and dead seedlings.
The organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed and then applied with some animal manure such as pig cow manure and human excrement and directly applied to the soil without fermenting and decomposing. These unfertilized organic fertilizers are decomposed and fermented by microorganisms in the soil, and the ammonia produced is easy to cause crops. Rooting, poisoning, and some will also breed weeds and spread pests and diseases. Therefore, it should be promoted to be fully fermented and applied, and the method of constructing septic tank fermentation at the edge of the field should be advocated, or the compost pile should be moistened with water, sealed with mud, and the temperature reached 35-40 ° C, after 25-30 days. The fermentation can be completed, and the high-temperature method can fully ferment the manure at 60 ° C to kill the eggs and weed seeds, and it is safer and more effective when used.
It should not be too concentrated or applied too much, especially when fertilizing dryland crops. If the organic fertilizer is applied directly to the rows or near the roots of the crops, the water holding capacity of the dry soil is small, the concentration around the roots is too large, and the roots are exposed to the fertilizer. The crops are physiologically dehydrated and form a reverse osmosis phenomenon. The crops not only can not absorb nutrients, but will cause extravasation of water and nutrients in the roots, causing poor growth or wilting of the crops, loss of water and dead seedlings, and soil nutrient imbalance. The organic fertilizer should be used as a base fertilizer and evenly mixed in the soil to integrate with the soil. In the growing season, organic fertilizer should be applied to the ditch or the hole, and the soil should be covered after the application. Leafy vegetables are generally not suitable for high-concentration liquid organic fertilizers for foliar application.
The loss of fertilizer application for drying in the sun is high. In some places, it is customary to use organic fertilizers such as pig manure manure, dried in the sun, or applied to the topsoil of dry crops. The result is that the manure is exposed to long-term sun and rain, and the nitrogen is basically The volatiles are lost, and the quick-acting phosphorus and potassium will be lost, and the environment will be polluted. In some places, when straw is used as the organic fertilizer source, the fermentation is not sufficient, and the rice plants are too concentrated. As a result, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide is generated in the decay, and more bubbles are emitted, which makes the rice roots black. , the late seedlings, not timely remediation will cause a dead seed in the whole field, causing a reduction in production. In this case, the field should be drained immediately, and the growth regulator that promotes root growth, such as sodium nitrophenolate, should be sprayed early after draining the field, and 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea mixed spray can be added. Good to resume normal growth.
Reasonable use of straw, pig manure manure, green manure and other organic fertilizers, the cellulose (ie carbon) content, nitrogen content is small, if the amount of this fertilizer is too large, it is easy to cause crops in the early stage of nitrogen deficiency and dead seedlings This is the reason why the rice field straw returning to the field must be accompanied by the application of ammonium bicarbonate to supplement nitrogen. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizers in crops is not as good as possible. Generally, 1000-1500 kg of fertilizer per mu or 1000-1500 kg of green manure is applied, and an appropriate amount of ammonium bicarbonate or urea is added at the time of application to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to meet the microbial Need to prevent the occurrence of microbial and crop nitrogen. The manure in the organic fertilizer has high nutrient content, fast decomposition rate and fierce fertilizer effect. It should be added with appropriate amount of pig manure or cow dung at the time of application to achieve the purpose of stable fertilizer. The application of phosphate fertilizer in organic fertilizer is beneficial to improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer. The combination of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer is also beneficial to improve fertilizer efficiency.
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