Wuyi is a kind of important freshwater fish that is widely distributed in China and occupies an important position in large-surface fisheries. Because of its high nutritional, medicinal, and economic value, it is gradually becoming the main breeding object for freshwater fisheries. Artificial breeding of black quail has broad prospects.
First, the biological characteristics of Chinese black buckwheat
1. Living habits Ukrainian fishes are bottom-layer fishes and prefer to inhabit muddy bottom water bodies. They have strong adaptability to environmental conditions and can grow in the waters where water pollution is not suitable for breeding other fish. Winter dive into silt for winter. Sex hi jumps.
2. Feeding and growing black turtles are fierce carnivorous fish. From the beginning of the fry to the adult fish, animal feed is the main ingredient. Before the body length of 3cm, it mainly eats copepods, branches, chironomid larvae and so on. Body length 3
At ~8cm, the main intake of aquatic insects, shrimp, small wild fish seedlings. During the adult stage, they mainly eat small-sized fish such as loach, head fish and artificially-cultured fish species. In the case of artificial breeding, artificial compound feeds are also ingested. Once Ukrainian fish and shrimp are seen, they will be caught in a rapid dash. In the case of insufficient feed, mutual food is very serious. The growth rate of Chinese black baboon is faster. Under natural conditions, the first-instar fish can reach about 200 grams, the second-instar fish can reach 500 grams, and the third-instar fish can reach 800 grams or more. As long as the food is sufficient, the early seedlings of the year can develop commercial fish.
3. Breeding habits Oysters spawn from mid-May to late July, and are spawned in June. During the breeding season, black baboons are mostly active in aquatic plants in shallow coastal areas, but there is no fixed spawning ground. As long as there are more plants can find its traces, but no cluster propagation. At the waterside where there are more emergent plants, it is often found that the male and female of the Chinese raccoon are swimming in pairs and the aquatic plants around the stems and leaves are overwhelmed, resulting in an approximately circular breeding area as mating and spawning sites. The spawning grounds are generally 1 to 2 cm in diameter, and the vast majority of male and female fishes that are paired are close to each other in size. Spawning activities are generally conducted in the morning and spawning is less frequent during the day. During estrus, males chase females in breeding grounds for rotational swimming. At the same time, spawning, ejaculation, and spawning are usually between 1 and 20 thousand. Eggs are floating eggs. There are oil globules in the yolk, and there is no stickiness. After being produced, the eggs cluster together and float on the surface of the water. The male and female broodstock lurks under the nest or near the nest.
Second, the artificial breeding of black eagle
1, the choice of broodstock Broodstock can come from artificial cultivation or in the wild back. Should choose to weigh 1000 ~ 2000 grams, 2 ~ 3 years of age of mature, healthy, disease-free individuals without injury.
2. The broodstock cultivating male and female fish are reared in a pool of 1:1.2 for domestication and feeding, and intensive cultivation. The area of ​​the pond is about 667m2, and the water depth is 1.2~1.5m. There are plants in the pond, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and facilities for preventing escape are perfect. 667m2 stocking 100 to 130 tails. The bait is mainly based on animal bait grains such as fresh wild fish and shrimps, livestock and poultry waste, and is used to catch small amounts of cakes. Pay attention to water quality regulation, water injection once every 3~5 days, 20~30cm each time, to ensure normal development of gonad gonads. In addition, the black frog broodstock can be mixed with other broodstock fish, depending on the amount of food creatures in the pool, and stocks of 5 to 10 per 667m2.
3. Identification of male and female broodstock The breeding season of the Chinese wolfberry is from mid-April to May in southern China, from mid-May to July in Beijing, and artificial oxytocin is generally selected from May to June. Sexually mature females are full-bodied, with enlarged and soft abdomen, pink ridges in the genital hole, triangles in shape, and grayish-white scales in the chest and abdomen. The color is relatively shallow. The white round spots on the dorsal fins of the male fish are large and fuzzy, irregular and translucent yellowish. The white spots on the dorsal fins of the females are small and are arranged neatly from bottom to top. Males are slightly longer than females, with larger dorsal and caudal fins, smaller abdomens, darker body spots, and small, slightly concave reproductive holes, making it difficult to extrude semen.
4, artificial ovulation selection of good broodstock maturity, according to male and female 1:1 pairing, hormone injection artificial oxytocin. The oxytocin drugs were selected from PG, LHR-A, HCG and DOM. Normally, every hg of females is injected with HCG1600 ~ 2300IU, or PG3 ~ 4mg + LRH-A 5μg, or PG3 ~ 4mg + HCG800 ~ 1000IU, or HCG500IU + LRH-A10μg, or DOM6 ~ 10mg + LRH-A 15μg. The gestational injection of broodstock can be performed using one or two injections of the thoracic cavity, respectively, depending on the degree of maturity. The first injection of the total dose of 1/3 ~ 1/2, the balance of the second injection is completed, the two injection time interval of 12 hours. Males were given a single injection at half the dose of females. From the time of the first injection, the effect time is 30 to 36 hours. After the broodstock is elicited, it is placed in a pre-prepared spawning pool at a ratio of 1:1. The spawning pool can be selected from hatchery tanks, small earthen ponds, and concrete pools. The water depth is 0.5~-0.6m, and the black-leaf algae are set inside the fish nest and disinfected with 810-7 malachite green before the fish is released. Generally about 10m2 can be placed 5 to 6 pairs, so that broodstock natural spawning fertilization.
5. Spawning Oxime is a mature, spawning batch, the eggs produced are golden yellow, round, egg diameter 1.8 ~ 2.1mm. When the broodstock was in estrus, there was a slight stir in the water body. After 2 to 3 hours of estrus, the water surface was calm and began to spawn. During spawning, females approach the surface of the water under the fish nest and lie supine on the abdomen. They shake their eggs spawningly. Males also ejaculate in the same condition as the females. The resulting eggs are concentrated in the fish nest. After the broodstocks are spawned, they are all removed and the eggs can be hatched in the original spawning pool, or they can be transferred to specialized hatching ponds and incubators for hatching. After spawning, 510-7 malachite green can be spilled in Quanchipia to prevent water mold disease. Shade measures shall be taken in the outdoor hatchery pool to increase the hatching rate of fertilized eggs. During the incubation process, the water is changed once every 1-2 days. When the water temperature is 21-26°C, after 3 to 4 days of incubation, the seedlings break out of the membrane. At this time, the fish body is black and has a body length of about 4mm. At the time of hatching, the oil globules were located on the yoke sac of the left side of the body, lying on the side of the body and occasionally making a slight swing. After the gradual transition to the larvae, Yang floating surface, sometimes vertical up and down swimming, relying on the yolk to provide nutrition, this time the fish body is about 6mm. After the fry turned to swim, the yolk sac disappeared, the development of digestive organs was basically completed, and the mouth was predated. At this time, the fry body length was 7~8mm.
3. After all the eggs of the seedling culture fry are absorbed, zooplankton such as rotifers, copepods, and horns, etc., which have been artificially collected, are fed daily. After 15 to 20 days of careful cultivation, the fry grows to about 3cm, and begins to divide the pond into the fingerling cultivation stage.
1. It is advisable to cultivate a cement pool area of ​​about 10m2 in the cement pool, with a depth of 1m and a water injection of 0.7m. There are fish traps at the bottom outlet of the pool, and the cement pool can also cover the plastic shed. About 3cm juvenile fish stocking density of 1000 ~ 1500 tail / m2. Artificially harvested rotifers, copepods, cladocera and live small fish and shrimp were mainly supplemented with a small amount of bait. The amount of daily feeding is 10% of the total amount of fish.
2. The area for the cultivation of ponds in earthen ponds should not be too large, generally about 667m2, pool depth 1.5m, water injection 1~1.2m, drainage and irrigation are convenient. About 3cm juvenile fish stocking density of 3 to 70,000 / 667m2. The bait is mainly produced by fertilizing and culturing zooplankton, supplemented with artificially harvested rotifers such as zooplankton and bait, and at the same time stocking a certain amount of oysters, ears of fish, etc. in the pond, and allowing them to naturally breed as bait fish.
3. Cultivation measures Adopt domesticated feeding methods with “four settings†and feed three times daily. The cement pool is changed once every 1 day; the pond is filled with water once every 7-10 days, 20-30 cm each time. In order to control the water quality of the fertilizer, appropriate amount of squid slices can be stocked. The fry was thoroughly disinfected with quick lime before the lower pond. After Xia Tang, sprinkling drugs regularly to prevent the occurrence of diseases.
4, to improve the survival rate of seedlings, one of which is the timely palatability of food. The rules of feeding habits were rotifers→twig angles→fire horns, copepods→fish fry, insect larvae→big fry. The timely replacement of palatability foods is very important to improve the survival rate of seedlings. The second is that the food is sufficient. Insufficient food promotes the polarization of fish fry, resulting in an increase in individual size differences, resulting in mutual food, so it is very important to feed enough food. The third is a reasonable density. The fourth is the timely screening.
Fourth, adult fish breeding
Artificial breeding of black quail is currently divided into two modes of polyculture and monoculture. Monoculture can be divided into pond culture and cage culture. Whether single-cultivation or polyculture, stocked fish species should be sifted and bred by size to avoid mutual food. In addition, Uzbekistan easily escaped from the pond during rainy days along the edge of the pond. Therefore, a 0.5m plastic net should be installed on the pool to prevent escape.
1. Polyculture of ponds and black owls in polyculture of adult fish ponds such as oysters, oysters, grasses, cockroaches, and tilapia can not only excavate the potential of pond production, increase cultured species, and increase fish yield, but also can be used to clear fish. The wild fish and aquatic animals in the pond reduce the consumption of oxygen and food in the pond, making the main fish grow better. However, it should be noted that the specifications of other fish should be more than twice as large as those of Wuhuan and can be protected from it. It is also possible to postpone the breeding of black baboons for 2 to 3 months. When stocking, the specifications of black bream fish should be controlled at 8~10cm, and 30~50 fish should be stocked every 667m2. There is no need for additional feeding and management during the breeding process and it can reach 0.5~1kg by the end of the year.
2, pond single raising
(1) Pond conditions: It is required that the water source is sufficient, drainage and irrigation are convenient, and the water quality meets the fishery water standards. The area of ​​the fish pond is 333~1334m2, and the water depth is 1~1.5m. The bottom of the pond is preferably muddy. The water surface planting water lettuce, accounting for 20 to 25% of the pool area, for the blackbird covert and shade in summer heat, water injection should be from the pool top 30cm from the pool wall to prevent backwater escape.
(2) Fish stocking: The stocking time is from April to May, and 2,000 to 3,000 fish species of 3 to 5 cm can be placed per 667 m2. It is also possible to stock 10~15cm fingerlings, 3000~5000 tails/667m2. Before stocking, soak in 30~40g/L salt or 30ml/m3 formalin solution for 10~20 minutes.
(3) Feed: All kinds of small wild fish and compound feed. Artificial diets require more than 40% protein. Its formula is: 1 70% of fish, soybean powder 20%, yeast 5%, add a small amount of vitamins, mineral salts. 2 Animal feed 50%, plant feed 48%, bone meal 2%.
(4) Feeding methods: Feed each time in the morning and evening, accounting for 5% to 7% of the fish's body weight. It is advisable to feed no more than 10% of the fish weight during the growing season. For single-fed Ukrainian fish, if they are all fed with fresh fish, the cost is too high, so they must be domesticated to feed the compound feed. Domestication must start from a young age. Do not mix fish in the middle so as not to affect the domestication effect.
(5) Management: Inspect the ponds sooner or later, and clean up the bait in time. According to the pond water quality, weather and activities, timely filling of new water. 10 to 15 days flush once. 7~10 days splash 2~310-5 lime once.
3, cage culture
(1) cage structure and setting environment: The use of non-nodular polyethylene fine-grained cages, specifications 4m5m2.5m, single-layer cages. In order to prevent fish from being caught, a catfish double box is placed on the cage. The cage is set on the leeward side with micro-flowing water, no pollution, and a quiet place. Before the Ukrainian dragonfly was placed, some large aquatic plants could be transplanted inside the box to shade and shelter the summer and facilitate their feeding.
(2) Selection and stocking of fingerlings: When selecting seedlings, it is required that the skin be plump, bright and clean, and free from diseases and injuries. Selecting 100 g per tail as a fingerling has a high survival rate and fast weight gain. It is best to sort once during the culture process to separate outlier individuals. The stocking time is mid-April and the water temperature can rise to 15°C. Stocking density 100~120 tails/m2.
(3) feeding: mainly small wild fish. The bait fish requires a sturdy, disease-free body with a slim body and a length of 1/2 body length. Small sterilized fish should be sterilized before use. The feeding time is about 200 days per year. The bait fish was cast on the fixed food table. At the beginning, the fish was attracted by a few shots. When all the fish came up for food, the shots were cast in quick shots. Generally, after 20 minutes, the shots were dropped slowly until the fish was full. The amount of bait is determined according to feeding conditions and water temperature. The water temperature is the fastest when the water temperature is 25~28°C, and the feeding amount is 5~7%. At the normal growth temperature, the feeding amount is 3~4%. The peak of U. sinensis feeding is 6~8 o'clock in the morning and 5~7 o'clock in the afternoon. It is fed once a day at these two times. The first feeding amount accounts for 30% and the second time 70%.
(4) Management: Umbellolus has strong vitality and few diseases. However, due to the deterioration of the water environment, the pathogenic factors are also increasing. We must do a good job in prevention and control. The bait fish should be disinfected before use, and the residual bait dirt should be removed in time every day, and the water should be exchanged smoothly. Regularly sprinkling 110-6 bleach to disinfect, diagnosis and timely treatment after onset.
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